文艺也要鉴往知来（文化观象）

百度 之后一两年有可能会引起拉尼娜（海水变冷）或厄尔尼诺（海水变暖）现象，冷暖或许会有区域上的巨大差别。

This style guide provides the foundation for creating, editing and maintaining road junction lists across Wikipedia articles. Most road articles should use a table to indicate junctions. There are cases, such as a major transcontinental highway with parent and section-detail articles, where only a partial junction list, in a list form, is appropriate.

Using this style guide

As road design, jurisdiction and construction techniques vary significantly around the world, so do junctions and signing standards. While this document has been developed to provide a basis for a uniform presentation of road junction information, not all information is applicable to all roads in all regions. Thus, certain provisions of this guideline are noted as being for optional use. In some cases, this Manual of Style page presents different methods of expressing the same thing. When creating or editing junction lists for a particular country or state, check with an appropriate road-related WikiProject for that region. The various projects may have adopted practices or preferences regarding some of the optional provisions presented below.

Summary lists

These should be formatted as a hierarchical list consisting of the shields and names of intersecting highways and locations.

Tables

Standard columns

Generally, the following columns should appear from left to right in the following order:

• Geographic columns should be used to orient the location of a junction along the path of the roadway. These will vary based on the country that the highway is in, and may not be applicable in all countries. These should be formatted so one cell expands across the rows for all junctions within a geographic entity. If the roadway only passes through one geographic location, the column(s) should be omitted and a note placed above the top of the column. These columns may be omitted entirely if there is not consensus on what subdivisions to use. The locations should be wikilinked. Examples of these column types are:
  • State subdivision: The subdivision of the country, state or province within which the junction lies. Title the column with an appropriate term—region, county, district, prefecture, parish (as in Louisiana), borough (as in Alaska), or equivalent.
  • Location: The municipality or equivalent within which the junction lies, whether it be a town, city, or village. If the location is indeterminable, or if the junction lies in unincorporated territory, this should be left blank. If the route passes through an independent city or a consolidated city-county, do not repeat the location in both columns, instead have an entry which spans both columns.
• mi or km: The measured location of the junction. If no source is available, and the road uses a distance-based exit numbering system, then this column may be left out in favor of the exit number column. For lists in some geographic areas, other terminology may be used in accordance with alternate distance-measuring systems. The preferred practice is to use both columns with one measurement system as the primary distance, but some situations may require only one column.
• Exit or Junction: This column is for use on grade-separated roadways that have numbered interchanges. The column lists the number of the exit/junction. If old and new numbers exist, these should be presented as two columns, "Old" and "New".
• Interchange name: This column should follow the exit/junction column for highway systems which have named interchanges. Use only if the interchange names are in common usage in the region and are not purely ceremonial names.
• Destinations: Locations and roads as presented on guide signs for the junction. Other locations should not be listed unless that location is extremely notable and well known; an entry in the notes column such as "Serves Missouri State University" can be used. Routes not indicated on the guide signs may be included in parentheses.
• Notes: Any additional notes about the interchange or terminus, such as the design of an interchange, special circumstances such as missing ramps, concurrency termini, opening date, or additional locations that do not merit inclusion in "Destinations".

To comply with MOS:DTT, and promote accessibility on the part of our readers who use assistive technology like screen readers, tables or the templates used to create tables shall use: !scope="col"|<column name> (or the HTML equivalent) as the code to create column headers. Furthermore, each row of the table shall use !scope="row" style="text-align: right;"|<table data> (or the HTML equivalent) for the primary distance number. To keep the cells right-aligned, use class="wikitable plainrowheaders" (or the HTML equivalent) in the header coding.

Colors

The use of colored backgrounds in the table is optional. If a list includes backgrounds, a key below the table must be included. Color should not be the only method to impart the information. For the benefit of colorblind readers or persons using screen readers, the Notes column must include the information. The following table lists the standardized colors with standardized meanings. Additional colors may be used to supplement the standard colors below. These colors must be compliant with this guideline and WP:COLOR, and they must be included in the key below the table. The template keys listed below are built into {{Jctbtm}}.

Color key

Color	Use	Template keys	Notes
#ddffdd	Concurrency terminus	concur
#7f00ff	Route terminus	termi
#d3d3d3	Closed	closed	Previously complete and open, but now closed (temp. or perm.)
#ffff99	HOV only	hov	Interchange/intersection only accessible to high-occupancy vehicles (HOV)
#ffdddd	Incomplete access	incomplete	Some ramps/movements missing
#dcdcfe	ETC/Tolled	etc, toll	Interchange or bridge requires the use of electronic toll collection or is otherwise tolled as an exception to the rest of the roadway
#ffdead	Proposed/unopened	unbuilt, proposed	Interchange/intersection proposed, under construction and/or not yet open to traffic
#dff9f9	Route transition	trans	Indicates a transition from one route number to either another route number, or a section without a route number, along a named road

Table footers

A standardized table footer template has been implemented with {{jctbtm}}. The necessary color keys can be individually specified using the |keys= parameter as described in the template documentation. Both templates close the wikitable syntax and generate a conversion key. This conversion key is required on all tables unless both miles and kilometers are listed on the table. Samples of this key are used in the examples section below.

• Example 1, no colors:

1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

• Example 2, all colors:

1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi       Closed/former       Concurrency terminus       Electronic toll collection       HOV only       Incomplete access       Proposed        Tolled       Route transition       Unopened

• Example 3, some colors:

1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi       Closed/former       Concurrency terminus       Incomplete access        Tolled       Unopened

What to include

The following items should be included or excluded in tables on grade-separated highways.

Include

• All grade-separated interchanges, without exception
• Concurrencies
• Toll barriers, major water bodies, major bridges and tunnels; if possible, wikilink to the article on the bridge or tunnel concerned. These should be represented with a multi-column row. Ideally this should span the Exit/Junction, Destinations and Notes columns, allowing the distance where the barrier is located to appear to the left.
• Service areas; if multiple exist, limit those displayed to those of historical or other significance or notability. These should span the Exit/Junction, Destinations and Notes columns as above.

Exclude

• Crossings with other highways where no interchange between the highways exists
• Proposed or future interchanges that have not reached the construction phase. Do not add future exit numbers without a reliable source such as signing plans.

Text appearance

• Text in the tables must comply with other provisions of the MoS, specifically regarding boldface, italics and all-caps. Junctions shall be formatted in the following general pattern: "(route marker) (number of intersecting road, name of intersecting road, or both) (direction)".
• If route marker graphics are used, generally, they should have a height of 20–25px.
  • Route marker graphics should always appear at the beginning of the line, per the principle behind Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons#Do not use icons in general article prose: "Icons should not be used in the article body...This breaks up the continuity of the text, distracting the reader."
  • Use of marker images should be limited to the Destinations column(s) only.
  • Any highway designation represented by the graphic shall be represented in text as part of the name or number listed for the roadway.
• The highway designation, any applicable names or both shall be linked as appropriate to an article on the intersecting roadway.
  • List the predominant name or number first followed by any alternate names in parentheses. In the United States, the primary identification for a road is any highway designation given and signed by the state departments of transportation or a county agency, so they should be listed as SR 1 (Pacific Coast Highway) not Pacific Coast Highway (SR 1). The reverse is true in Australia, so those references should be formatted Reid Highway (State Route 3) not State Route 3 (Reid Highway). This variation shall be determined on a regional basis for consistency across a set of articles for a jurisdiction such as a single country or major subnational subdivision.
  • If the agency responsible for the highway system of a road appearing in the junction list abbreviates the name of that type of highway in its official documents, use that abbreviation (e.g. I-59, not Interstate 59). If no official abbreviation exists, an abbreviation commonly used by the general public can be substituted instead. If there is no abbreviation in use by either the road agency or the public, use the full name with no abbreviation. Such abbreviations shall also be introduced in the prose of the article for reader clarity.
  • Any disambiguation or other alteration to the article title for Wikipedia administration purposes should be dropped; use A1 or I-40, not A1 road (Great Britain) or Interstate 40 in Arkansas.
  • Where names appear in the junction list, type designators such as "Street", "Road", or "Highway" should be spelled out in full, not abbreviated. Use First Street or Maple Road, not First St. or Maple Rd. as not all abbreviations for such are universally used or widely known.
• Cardinal directions designating the direction of travel a highway follows must be entirely lowercase per Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital letters#Compass points: "Directions such as north are not proper nouns and do not take capitals." These directions shall not be abbreviated. Example: M-28 east not M-28 East or M-28 E. Directions may be expanded to read as northbound instead of north as needed.
  • Directional prefixes or suffixes that are not part of the road's actual name may be abbreviated according to common usage (e.g. both Southeast 44th Street or SE 44th Street are acceptable). Any abbreviations should be applied consistently, on at least a city-wide level. Such prefixes and suffixes take capitals, as they are part of the street's full title.
  • Street names that contain cardinal directions that are not a directional prefix or suffix shall not be abbreviated (e.g. North Star Road, not N. Star Road, assuming the road is named after the North Star; Southwest Boulevard, not SW Boulevard).
  • Colloquialisms for road names shall not be used (e.g. in a Utah-style street numbering grid, use 800 West, not 8th West).
• If there are two exits in an interchange, one for each direction of the crossing road, they should generally be combined into one row, unless this would complicate matters.
  • If the two exits have different numbers, that should be noted in the notes column, for example "signed as exits 1A (north) and 1B (south) eastbound", in a case where only the eastbound freeway has the split.
  • If two interchanges with different roads have the same number with different lettered suffixes, they generally should not be combined.
• There is no preference for how to denote the endpoints of concurrencies in the notes column (e.g. Eastern terminus of SR 1 concurrency or East end of SR 1 overlap); however, only one style should be used in an article's junction list.
  • Cardinal directions are adjectives here, so north or northern may be used, but not both.
  • End and terminus are interchangeable, as are concurrency and overlap, but only one of each term should appear.

Examples

Below are eight examples of junction lists designed according to the above standards. Depicted are a section of the Interstate 75 summary article, a portion of Interstate 275 (Michigan), the lists for Ontario Highway 402, M5 motorway, and Oklahoma State Highway 88, and portions of A20 motorway (Netherlands), the Tomei Expressway, and Kwinana Freeway respectively.

Interstate 75

Florida

I-595 in Davie, Florida

I-275 near Parrish, Florida

SR 60 near Brandon, Florida

rows omitted

Georgia

US 84 / US 221 in Valdosta

US 41 northwest of Valdosta. The highways travel concurrently to Hahira.

US 82 in Tifton

rows omitted

Tennessee

US 41 / US 76 in East Ridge

I-24 on the East Ridge–Chattanooga city line

US 11 / US 64 in Chattanooga. The highways travel concurrently to north of Collegedale.

rows omitted

Interstate 275

County	Location	mi	km	Exit	Destinations	Notes
Monroe	Frenchtown Township	0.000	0.000	—	I-75 – Detroit, Toledo
		2.070	3.331	2	US 24 (Telegraph Road)
	Ash Township	5.454	8.777	5	Carleton, South Rockwood
Monroe–Wayne county line	Ash–Huron township line	7.650	12.311	8	Will Carleton Road – Flat Rock	Eastbound Will Carleton Road access to Flat Rock; westbound access to Waltz and Carleton
Rows omitted
Wayne	Plymouth Township	27.551	44.339	28	Ann Arbor Road – Plymouth, Livonia
		29.417	47.342	29	I-96 east – Detroit M-14 west – Ann Arbor	Southern terminus of I-96 concurrency; exit not numbered for southbound traffic; I-275 joins I-96 and uses its exit numbers
	Livonia	31.217	50.239	170	6 Mile Road
		32.214	51.843	169	7 Mile Road	Signed as 169A (west) and 169B (east)
Wayne–Oakland county line	Livonia–Farmington Hills city line	33.272	53.546	167	8 Mile Road (Baseline Road) – Northville
Oakland	Farmington Hills	35.026	56.369	165	I-96 west – Lansing I-696 east – Port Huron M-5 (Grand River Avenue)	Northern terminus; freeway continues west as I-96, north as M-5 and east as I-696
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi       Concurrency terminus

Highway 402

The following table lists the major junctions along Highway 402, as noted by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. 

Division	Location	km	mi	Exit	Destinations	Notes
St. Clair River		0.0	0.0		I-94 west / I-69 west – Detroit, Flint	Continuation into Michigan
				Blue Water Bridge
Lambton	Point Edward	0.7	0.43	1	Front Street	Formerly Highway 40B
	Sarnia	1.2	0.75	2	Christina Street	No eastbound exit; access to Christina Street South from the westbound exit opened in 2012
		3.0	1.9	3	County Road 29 (Indian Road)
		5.7	3.5	6	Highway 40 (Modeland Road)
		8.5	5.3	9	Airport Road	Access to Sarnia Chris Hadfield Airport
	Plympton–Wyoming	15.2	9.4	15	County Road 26 (Mandaumin Road)
		24.6	15.3	25	County Road 21 / County Road 30 (Oil Heritage Road) – Wyoming	Formerly Highway 21 south
	Warwick	34.0	21.1	34	Highway 21 north /  County Road 8 (Lambton Road) – Forest	Highway 21 was concurrent with Highway 402 west to Oil Heritage Road, prior to municipal downloading in 1997
		44.3	27.5	44	County Road 79 (Nauvoo Road) – Watford, Arkona	Formerly Highway 79
Middlesex	Adelaide Metcalfe	55.5	34.5	56	County Road 6 (Kerwood Road) – Kerwood
		64.8	40.3	65	County Road 81 (Centre Road) – Parkhill, Strathroy	Formerly Highway 81
	Strathroy-Caradoc	69.0	42.9	69	County Road 39 (Hickory Drive) – Strathroy
		81.6	50.7	82	County Road 14 (Glendon Drive) – Mt. Brydges, Komoka	Access to Parkhouse Drive
		85.5	53.1	86	County Road 2 (Longwoods Road) – Melbourne, Delaware	Formerly Highway 2
	London	97.6	60.6	98	Highway 4 – London, St. Thomas, Lambeth
		99.8	62.0	100	Wonderland Road
		102.5	63.7	103	Highway 401 east – Toronto	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

M5 motorway

Note: A few junctions in this example have been geotagged; however, there is no consensus on how to implement geotagging on roads articles. If including geographical coordinates, use {{Coord}} for each set; and one instance of {{GeoGroup}} per page. See WP:COORD for more information.

County	Location	mi	km	Junction	Destinations	Notes
West Midlands	West Bromwich	0.0	0.0	—	M6 – The North West, Wolverhampton, Birmingham (north & east), Walsall
		2.7	4.4	1	A41 – West Bromwich, Birmingham (north west)
	Oldbury	5.4	8.7	2	A4123 – Dudley, Wolverhampton, Birmingham (west)
	Halesowen	8.2	13.3	3	A456 – Birmingham (south west), Kidderminster
Worcestershire	Frankley			Services	Frankley services
	Catshill	14.8	23.8	4	A38 – Birmingham (south); A491 Stourbridge
	Bromsgrove–Catshill boundary	16.3	26.3	4a	M42 – Birmingham (south & east), NEC, Birmingham Airport, London, the North East, Redditch
	Wychbold	21.6	34.9	5	A38 – Bromsgrove  A38 – Droitwich
	Worcester–Tibberton boundary	27.0	43.5	6	A449 – Worcester (north), Kidderminster; A4538 – Evesham
	Whittington	30.2	48.6	7	A44 – Worcester (south), Evesham
	Hill Croome (northbound) – Strensham (southbound)			Services	Strensham services
	Strensham	39.8	64.2	8	M50 – South Wales, Ross-on-Wye
Gloucestershire	Tewkesbury–Northway–Ashchurch Rural boundary	44.0	70.9	9	A46 – Evesham; A438 – Tewkesbury, Evesham
	Boddington–Elmstone Hardwicke boundary	48.0	77.4	10	A4019 – Cheltenham	Southbound exit and northbound entrance only
	Badgeworth	51.2	82.6	11	A40 – Cheltenham, Gloucester, Gloucestershire Airport
	Hucclecote–Brockworth boundary	53.6	86.4	11a	A417 – London, Cirencester, Gloucester	Southbound exit limited to only eastbound A417
	Brookthorpe-with-Whaddon			Services	Gloucestershire gateway services	Due to open in 2014 (Northbound only)
	Haresfield	60.3	97.3	12	B4008 – Gloucester
Rows omitted
Devon	Exeter–Clyst St George boundary	157.6	254.2	30	A376 – Exmouth, Sidmouth; A379 – Exeter, Dawlish; Exeter services
	Exminster	162.4	261.4	31	A30 – Bodmin, Okehampton	End of motorway and multiplex with A38; continues as A38
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi       Concurrency terminus       Incomplete access       Proposed

Coordinate list

SH-88

The entire route is in Rogers County.

Location	mi	km	Destinations	Notes
Inola	0.0	0.0	Commercial Street	Southern terminus
?	0.9	1.4	US 412	Partial cloverleaf interchange
Claremore	13.0	20.9	SH-66	Southern end of SH-66 concurrency
	13.1	21.1	SH-20	Southern end of SH-20 concurrency
	13.2	21.2	SH-66	Northern end of SH-66 concurrency
	14.0	22.5	SH-20	Northern end of SH-20 concurrency
Oologah	26.0	41.8	US 169	Northern terminus
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi       Concurrency terminus

A20 motorway (Netherlands)

The entire route is in South Holland.

Municipality	km	mi	Exit	Destinations	Notes
Westland	10	6.2		N 223 – Naaldwijk	Continues as road N213 to Westland
	12	7.5	6	N 220 – Maasdijk
Maassluis	17	11	7	Maassluis
Vlaardingen	21	13	8	Vlaardingen-West
	22	14	9	Vlaardingen
Schiedam	23	14		A 4 (Interchange Kethelplein)
	24	15	10	Schiedam-Noord	Noord means north
	26	16	11	Schiedam
Rotterdam	27	17	12	Spaanse Polder
	29	18	13	A 13 (Interchange Kleinpolderplein) – Overschie
	31	19	14	Centrum	Centrum means center
	32	20	15	Crooswijk	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance only
	35	22		A 16 (Interchange Terbregseplein)
	38	24	16	Prins Alexander
Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel	43	27	17	N 219 – Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel
Moordrecht	46	29	18	Moordrecht
Gouda	49	30		A 12 (Interchange Gouwe)	Exit from westbound A12 and entry to eastbound A12 only
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi       Incomplete access

Tōmei Expressway

Prefecture	Location	km	mi	Exit	Name	Destinations	Notes
Tokyo	Setagaya	0.0	0.0	1	Tokyo	Kanpachi-dori (Metropolitan Route 311) – Tokyo, Setagaya Shuto Expressway	Roadway continues as Shuto Expressway
Kanagawa	Kawasaki	7.6	4.7	3	Tomei Kawasaki	Kawasaki, Noborito, Tama
	Yokohama	13.3	8.3	3-1	Yokohama Aoba	National Route 246 – Yokohama Aoba, Ichigao
		19.7	12.2	4	Yokohama-Machida	National Route 16 / National Route 246 – Yokohama, Machida
	Atsugi	35.0	21.7	5	Atsugi	National Route 129 / National Route 171 – Atsugi, Hiratsuka, Odawara
	Hadano	50.1	31.1	5-1	Hadano-Nakai	Hadanoninomiya Route (Prefectural Route 71) – Hadano, Nakai
	Oi-machi	57.9	36.0	6	Oi-Matsuda	National Route 246 / National Route 255 – Oi, Matsuda, Odawara
Shizuoka	Gotemba	83.7	52.0	7	Gotemba	National Route 138, Hakone-Gotemba Route – Gotemba, Hakone, Yamanakako
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

Kwinana Freeway

LGA	Location	km	mi	Destinations	Notes
Perth	Perth	0.00	0.00	Mitchell Freeway (State Route 2) – Joondalup	Freeway terminus: continues north as Mitchell Freeway
Swan River		0.00– 0.34	0.00– 0.21	Narrows Bridge
South Perth	South Perth	0.59	0.37	Mill Point Road – South Perth	Northbound exit only
		1.08– 1.41	0.67– 0.88		Modified directional T interchange: no northbound exit
	Como–South Perth boundary	2.98	1.85	South Terrace – Como, Kensington, South Perth	Southbound exit only
	Como	5.20– 6.25	3.23– 3.88	Canning Highway (National Route 1 east / State Route 6) – Como, Fremantle, Perth Airport	National Route 1 northern concurrency terminus; additional "bus-only" ramps to/from Perth; southbound entrance and Manning Road exit ramps merge, requiring weaving
		5.65– 5.75	3.51– 3.57	Manning Road (State Route 26) – Manning	Partial Y interchange: northbound entrance and southbound exit only; northbound entrance ramp connects to the freeway and Canning Highway; access to Canning Bridge railway station
Canning River		8.05– 8.71	5.00– 5.41	Mount Henry Bridge
Melville	Brentwood–Mount Pleasant boundary	8.96– 9.05	5.57– 5.62	Cranford Avenue – Brentwood, Mount Pleasant	Northbound entrance and southbound exit only
	Brentwood–Bateman–Bull Creek tripoint	9.41– 10.50	5.85– 6.52	Leach Highway (National Route 1 west / State Route 7) – Kewdale, Fremantle, Perth Airport	National Route 1 southern concurrency terminus; modified Parclo interchange: access to Bull Creek railway station
	Bateman–Bull Creek–Leeming–Murdoch quadripoint	11.38– 12.52	7.07– 7.78	South Street – Canning Vale, Fremantle, St John of God Hospital, Murdoch	Modified diamond interchange: northbound exit ramp looped; access to Murdoch railway station
Melville–Cockburn boundary	Leeming–Murdoch–North Lake tripoint	13.11	8.15	Farrington Road – Leeming, North Lake, Jandakot Airport	Northbound entrance and southbound exit only
Cockburn	North Lake–Bibra Lake–Jandakot tripoint	13.83– 14.84	8.59– 9.22	Roe Highway (State Route 3) – Midland, Jandakot Airport, Perth Airport	Trumpet interchange
Rows omitted
Murray	Ravenswood	70.54– 71.55	43.83– 44.46	Forrest Highway (State Route 2) south / Pinjarra Road – Bunbury, Mandurah, Pinjarra	Folded diamond interchange; freeway terminus: continues south as Forrest Highway
Concurrency terminus       Incomplete access