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百度 这些是我们自己与厂家签订的协议来约束的。
The table shows a comparison of functional programming languages which compares various features and designs of different functional programming languages.
| Name | Pure | Lazy evaluation | Typing | Abstract data types | Algebraic data types | Data is immutable | Type classes | Garbage collection | First appeared |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Common Lisp | No[1] | Simulated with thunks[2] | Dynamic[3] | Yes[4] | Extension[5] | No[6] | ? | Yes | 1984 |
| Scheme | No[7] | Yes[8] | Dynamic[7] | Yes[9] | Simulated with thunks[10] | No[11] | No | Yes | 1975 |
| Racket | No | Default in Lazy Racket[12] | Dynamic by default, gradual with Typed Racket[13] | Yes[14] | Yes, with Algebraic Racket[15] | Partial[16] | No | Yes | 1995 |
| Clojure | No[17] | Yes[18] | Dynamic[19] | Yes[20] | Yes[21] | Yes[22] | No | Yes | 2007 |
| Standard ML | No[23] | No[24][25] | Static[26] | Yes | Yes | Yes[27] | No | Yes | 1983 |
| OCaml | No[28] | Yes[28] | Static[29] | Yes[30] | Yes[31] | Yes[32] | Simulated with parametric modules[33] | Yes | 1996 |
| F# | No[34] | Yes[35] | Static[36] | Yes[37] | Yes[38] | Yes[39] | No | Yes | 2005 |
| Haskell | Yes[40] | Default[41] | Static[42] | Yes[40] | Yes[43] | Yes[44] | Yes[45] | Yes | 1990 |
| Scala | No[46] | Yes[47] | Static[46] | Yes[48] | Yes[48] | Yes[49] | Yes[50] | Yes | 2004 |
| JavaScript | No[51][unreliable source?] | Extension[52] | Dynamic[53] | Extension[54] | Extension[55] | Partial[56][57] | ? | Yes | 1995 |
| Clean | Yes[58] | Yes, with optional strictness annotations[59] | Static with uniqueness/optionally dynamic[60] | Yes[59] | Yes[59] | Yes, except for unique types[59] | Yes[59] | Yes | 1987 |
| Miranda | Yes[61] | Default[62] | Static[61] | Yes[63] | Yes[61] | Yes | No | Yes | 1986 |
| SASL | Yes[64] | Yes | Dynamic[65] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 1972 |
| Elixir | No | Stream module[66] | Dynamic | Yes | No | Yes | ? | Yes | 2012 |
| Erlang | No | No[67] | Dynamic | Yes[68] | No | Yes[69] | ? | Yes | 1986 |
| Elm | Yes | No | Static[70] | ? | Yes[71] | Yes[70] | No | Yes | 2012 |
| Futhark | Yes | No | Static[72] | Yes | Yes | Yes[70] | No | Yes | 2014 |
| Python | No[73] | Simulated with generators | Dynamic[74] | Yes[75] | No | Partial[76] | ? | Yes | 1991 |
| Idris | Yes[77] | Yes[77] | Static[77] | Yes[77] | Yes[77] | Yes[77] | Yes[77] | Yes | 2007 |
| Nix | Yes | No | Static[citation needed] | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 2003 |
| Wolfram Language | No | No | Static | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 1988 |
| Kotlin | No | Lazy delegation[78] and Sequence[79] | Static | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | 2011 |
| Swift | No | No | Static | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Swift uses Automatic Reference Counting, which differs from tracing garbage collection but is designed to provide similar benefits with better performance. | 2014 |
| Julia | No | No[80] | Dynamic[81] | Yes[81] | No | Partial[81] | ? | Yes | 2012 |
| PureScript | Yes | No | Static | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 2013 |
| Rust | No | Lazy iterators[82] and external libraries[83] | Static[84] | Yes[85] | Yes[86] | Yes[87] | Yes, through traits[85] | No | 2010 |
| Bosque | No | No | Static | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | 2019 |
| D | Optional[88][89] | Optional[90] | Static[91] | ? | Yes | Yes[92] | No | Yes[93] | 2001 |
| Gleam | No[94] | Experimental external libraries | Static | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 2019 |
References
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- ^ Harper, MacQueen, Milner. "Standard ML" (PDF). Section 3.6.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Wikibooks:Standard ML Programming/Types
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- ^ a b "Functional Programming – OCaml". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
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- ^ "Learning F#". Retrieved 6 December 2013.
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- ^ a b "Scala Overview" (PDF). Retrieved 26 November 2013.
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- ^ "The Neophyte's Guide to Scala Part 12: Type Classes". Retrieved 29 November 2013.
- ^ List of multi-paradigm programming languages#Language overview
- ^ Tao, Dan. "Lazy.js". Dan Tao. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ "JavaScript Overview". Mozilla Developer Network. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
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- ^ Faubion, Nathan. "ADT". NPM. Joyent, nodejitsu. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ Immutable object#JavaScript
- ^ "Javascript Data structures". Mozilla Developer Network. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ "FAQ - Clean".
- ^ a b c d e Plasmeijer, Rinus; Van Eekelen, Marko; Van Groningen, John (December 2011). Clean Version 2.2 Language Report (PDF). Department of Software Technology, University of Nijmegen. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
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- ^ Kahn, Gilles; Bertot, Yves; Huet, Gérard; Lévy, Jean-Jacques; Plotkin, Gordon (2025-08-06). Kahn networks at the dawn of functional programming. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521518253.
- ^ "Stream — Elixir v1.17.2".
- ^ "Erlang Reference Manual". Retrieved 27 November 2013.
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- ^ "Stack Overflow - How do I modify a record in erlang?". Retrieved 15 December 2013.
- ^ a b c "Elm Blog - Interactive Programming". Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
- ^ "Elm Syntax - Algebraic Data Types". Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
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- ^ a b "The Rust Programming Language, Traits".
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- ^ "D pure functions". Retrieved 3 February 2024.
- ^ "D safe functions". Retrieved 3 February 2024.
- ^ "Laziness - Dlang Tour". Retrieved 7 April 2020.
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- ^ "Frequently asked questions – Gleam".