什么地飞| 柠檬加蜂蜜泡水喝有什么功效| 牙疼吃什么药效果好| 榴莲什么季节吃最好| 什么是膝关节退行性变| 梭边鱼是什么鱼| 安睡裤是干什么用的| bishop是什么意思| 胃热是什么原因| 1999属什么| 右肾肾盂分离什么意思| 富二代是什么意思| 大专跟本科有什么区别| 乳清是什么| 糖尿病吃什么主食最好| 吃什么药升血小板最快| 一阵一阵的胃疼是什么原因| 眼底出血是什么原因造成的| 指甲凹陷是什么原因引起的| 吃什么养头发| 嘴唇淡紫色是什么原因| 身份证后四位代表什么| 外耳炎用什么药| 梦见玉碎了是什么意思| 夜里2点到3点醒什么原因| 正高是什么级别| 阿胶的原料是什么| 什么是转基因食品| 俄罗斯是什么国家| 嘴巴很臭是什么原因引起的| 有什么好听的名字| 卡不当什么意思| 什么消炎药效果好| 八七年属兔的是什么命| 眼睛发痒是什么原因| 怀孕一个月吃什么对宝宝发育好| 小便有血尿是什么原因| 尿白细胞弱阳性什么意思| 霸气是什么意思| 为宜是什么意思| 天地不仁以万物为刍狗什么意思| 骨转移用什么药能治愈| 孕妇吃海带有什么好处| 开字加一笔是什么字| 高考考生号是什么| 兔死狐悲指什么生肖| 脖子里面有结节是什么病| 腿酸是什么原因引起的| 两千年前是什么朝代| 假菌丝是什么意思| 梦见打死蛇是什么意思| 三月十三是什么星座| 白电油对人体有什么危害| 什么是越位| 头顶出汗是什么原因| 日本兵为什么不怕死| 生吃大葱有什么好处和坏处| 头晕用什么药好| 什么叫留守儿童| edv是什么意思| 梦见掉牙是什么意思| 稀饭和粥有什么区别| 龙凤呈祥的意思是什么| 护发素什么牌子好| 柯萨奇病毒是什么病| 祭坛是什么意思| 白细胞少了会得什么病| 气血两虚吃什么中成药| 晚上吃什么容易入睡| 胸闷是什么原因引起的| 什么叫引产| 头颅mri是什么检查| 市监狱长是什么级别| 牛肉和什么炒好吃| 为什么同房后会出血| 极光是什么| 36岁生日有什么讲究| 尿蛋白阳性什么意思| 研究员是什么级别| 自主能力是什么意思| 办理护照需要什么材料| 郁结是什么意思| 1.4什么星座| 白英别名叫什么| f4是什么意思| 元春省亲为什么在晚上| 直肠疾病都有什么症状| 七夕什么时候| 血糖高可以吃什么| 文火是什么意思| 射手座喜欢什么样的女生| 一路长虹什么意思| 什么木头的菜板最好| 大拇指戴戒指是什么意思| 通便吃什么最快排便| 桥本氏病是什么病| 晚秋是什么意思| 子宫有问题有什么症状| 备孕期间不能吃什么| 男人少一个睾丸有什么影响| 小孩出虚汗是什么原因| 飓风什么意思| 死心塌地什么意思| 白切鸡用什么鸡做好吃| 高血压头晕吃什么药| 什么是乳腺增生| 淋巴清扫是什么意思| 焦点是什么| 小孩晚上睡觉出汗是什么原因| 愚孝什么意思| 补是什么偏旁| 婚检有什么项目| 这是什么| 姊是什么意思| 爵是什么器皿| 心衰吃什么食物好| 阑尾炎吃什么药效果好| 脚趾骨折是什么感觉| 鲤鱼旗的含义是什么| 低血糖中医叫什么病| 中考报名号是什么| 羊肉与什么食物相克| 病字旁加且念什么| 国标舞是什么舞| 肺痈是什么意思| 生长纹是什么| 龙筋是什么| 虾不能和什么一起吃| 小厮是什么意思| 画肖指什么生肖| 女为读什么| 2010属什么生肖| 过期酸奶有什么用| 幽门螺旋杆菌阳性吃什么药| 用什么洗头白发能变黑| 建档需要什么资料| 孕囊是什么| 什么药可以降肌酐| 浅表性胃炎吃什么药好使| 三什么一什么| 妇科衣原体是什么病| 肩胛骨缝疼挂什么科| 肉桂茶属于什么茶| 巨蟹座的幸运色是什么颜色| 孕妇尿酸高是什么原因| 1942年是什么年| 初中什么时候开学| 总胆汁酸是什么意思| 低血压吃什么食物好| hyc是什么牌子| 什么网名好听又有内涵| 室上性心动过速是什么原因引起的| 胃胀痛什么原因| 孕妇上火什么降火最快| 三点水一个半读什么| 不怀孕是什么原因引起的| 维生素b族有什么用| 不悔梦归处只恨太匆匆是什么意思| 血氧是什么| 中性粒细胞百分比偏低是什么意思| 看十全十美是什么生肖| 基因突变什么意思| 什么是统招生| 便秘吃什么药快速排便| 清肺热用什么泡水喝比较好| 太平猴魁属于什么茶类| 血常规能查出什么病| 幼儿园什么时候报名| 什么是成熟| 香云纱是什么面料| 赤藓糖醇是什么| 小孩吃什么补脑更聪明| 下午六点多是什么时辰| 立加羽念什么| 失态是什么意思| 城是什么生肖| 木瓜是什么季节的| 女儿的孩子叫什么| hpv感染是什么意思| 木舌是什么字| 老公的爸爸称谓是什么| 武士是什么意思| 朱砂五行属什么| 鼻炎吃什么消炎药| 刮痧对身体有什么好处| 长得什么| 为什么脚臭叫香港脚| 尘字五行属什么| 什么是补铁的食物| 心脏上有个小洞是什么病| mra是什么检查| 子宫肌瘤变性是什么意思| 指甲黄是什么原因| 什么中药补气血效果最好| eb病毒igg抗体阳性是什么意思| 晚上口渴是什么原因引起的| 固精是什么意思| 脾胃伏火是什么意思| 梅菜是什么菜| 尿里加什么能冒充怀孕| 什么牌的笔记本电脑好| qq2g在线是什么意思| agoni什么意思| 上海青是什么菜| 异象是什么意思| 胃不好吃什么蔬菜| 沙雕是什么意思| 8.11是什么星座| 什么菜不能放醋| 精油是什么| 滋味是什么意思| 劳模是什么意思| 什么颜色的床单有助于睡眠| 碟鱼头是什么鱼| 农历12月26日是什么星座| emma什么意思| 膝盖痒是什么原因| 指纹不清晰是什么原因| 6.19是什么日子| 恶寒是什么意思| 儿童肥胖挂什么科| 抽脂手术对身体有什么副作用| 立冬吃什么东西| 小孩拉肚子吃什么药| aml是什么意思| 陆代表什么生肖| 汗蒸和桑拿有什么区别| 一只什么| 看望病人买什么东西好| 血糖高的人早餐吃什么最好| 神经痛挂什么科| 腿发热是什么原因引起的| 一劳永逸什么意思| 什么地响| 男人下面有异味什么原因| 荻是什么意思| 滞纳金是什么意思| 党按照什么的原则选拔干部| 龟头炎有什么症状| 和珅属什么生肖| 宝宝肌张力高会有什么影响| fl是胎儿的什么| 感冒发烧可以吃什么水果| 省油的灯是什么意思| 7.9什么星座| 为什么会得前列腺炎| 抛光是什么意思| 为什么胃疼| 孕妇脚抽筋是什么原因| 鼠的五行属什么| 出阁是什么意思| 海灵菇是什么东西| 阳贵是什么意思| 胃饱胀是什么原因| 嘴边长痘痘是什么原因| 属鸡女和什么属相最配| 口腔异味是什么原因引起的| 右眼袋跳动是什么原因| 属兔生什么属相宝宝好| dunk是什么意思| 圆是什么图形| 喉咙细菌感染吃什么药| 小便不利什么意思| cm代表什么单位| 百度Jump to content

什么药不能喝酒

Checked
Page protected with pending changes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

  Developed countries (IMF)
  Data unavailable

World map showing country classifications per the IMF[1] and the UN[2] (last updated April 2023). "Developed economies" according to this classification scheme are shown in blue. The map does not include classifications by the World Bank.

A developed country, or advanced country,[3][4] is a sovereign state that has a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are the gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living.[5] Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate. Different definitions of developed countries are provided by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank; moreover, HDI ranking is used to reflect the composite index of life expectancy, education, and income per capita. In 2025, 40 countries fit all three criteria, while an additional 21 countries fit two out of three.

Developed countries have generally more advanced post-industrial economies, meaning the service sector provides more wealth than the industrial sector. They are contrasted with developing countries, which are in the process of industrialisation or are pre-industrial and almost entirely agrarian, some of which might fall into the category of Least Developed Countries. As of 2023, advanced economies comprise 57.3% of global GDP based on nominal values and 41.1% of global GDP based on purchasing-power parity (PPP) according to the IMF.[6]

Definition and criteria

[edit]

Economic criteria have tended to dominate discussions. One such criterion is the income per capita; countries with the high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita would thus be described as developed countries. Another economic criterion is industrialisation; countries in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate would thus be described as developed. More recently, another measure, the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines an economic measure, national income, with other measures, indices for life expectancy and education has become prominent. This criterion would define developed countries as those with a very high (HDI) rating. The index, however, does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most advanced countries, such as the G7 members and others.[7][8]

According to the United Nations Statistics Division:

There is no established convention for the designation of "developed" and "developing" countries or areas in the United Nations system.[9]

And it notes that:

The designations "developed" and "developing" are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.[10]

Nevertheless, the UN Trade and Development considers that this categorization can continue to be applied:

The developed economies broadly comprise Northern America and Europe, Israel, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Australia, and New Zealand.[11]

Similar terms

[edit]

Terms linked to the concept developed country include "advanced country", "industrialized country", "more developed country" (MDC), "more economically developed country" (MEDC), "Global North country", "first world country", and "post-industrial country". The term industrialized country may be somewhat ambiguous, as industrialisation is an ongoing process that is hard to define. The first industrialized country was the United Kingdom, followed by Belgium. Later it spread further to Germany, United States, France and other Western European countries. According to some economists such as Jeffrey Sachs, however, the current divide between the developed and developing world is largely a phenomenon of the 20th century.[12]

Mathis Wackernagel calls the binary labeling of countries as "neither descriptive nor explanatory. It is merely a thoughtless and destructive endorsement of GDP fetish. In reality, there are not two types of countries, but over 200 countries, all faced with the same laws of nature, yet each with unique features."[13]

A 2021 analysis proposes the term emerged to describe markets, economies, or countries that have graduated from emerging market status, but have not yet reached the level equivalent to developed countries.[14] Multinational corporations from these emerging markets present unique patterns of overseas expansion and knowledge acquisition from foreign countries.

Economy lists by various criteria

[edit]

Human Development Index (HDI)

[edit]
World map
The world map representing Human Development Index categories (based on 2023 data, published in 2025)
  •   Very high
  •   High
  •   Medium
  •   Low
  •   No data
World map
World map of countries or territories by Human Development Index scores in increments of 0.050 (based on 2023 data, published in 2025)
  •   ≥ 0.950
  •   0.900–0.950
  •   0.850–0.899
  •   0.800–0.849
  •   0.750–0.799
  •   0.700–0.749
  •   0.650–0.699
  •   0.600–0.649
  •   0.550–0.599
  •   0.500–0.549
  •   0.450–0.499
  •   0.400–0.449
  •   ≤ 0.399
  •   Data unavailable

The UN HDI is a statistical measure that gauges an economy's level of human development. While there is a strong correlation between having a high HDI score and being a prosperous economy, the UN points out that the HDI accounts for more than income or productivity. Unlike GDP per capita or per capita income, the HDI takes into account how income is turned "into education and health opportunities and therefore into higher levels of human development."

Since 1990, Norway (2001–2006, 2009–2019), Japan (1990–1991 and 1993), Canada (1992 and 1994–2000) and Iceland (2007–2008) have had the highest HDI score.

The following countries in the year 2023 are considered to be of "very high human development":[15]

WESP developed economies

[edit]

According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs' World Economic Situation and Prospects report, the following 37 countries are classified as "developed economies" as of January 2025:[16]

31 countries in Europe:

two countries in North America:

four countries in Asia and the Pacific:

World Bank high-income economies

[edit]
High-income economies of the world as classified by the World Bank, 2023.

According to the World Bank, the following sovereign states and territories across are classified as high-income economies, having a nominal GNI per capita in excess of $13,935. as of the 2025 fiscal year:[17]

Non-sovereign Territories are denoted by an asterisk (*).

Development Assistance Committee members

[edit]
Member nations of the Development Assistance Committee

There are 29 OECD member countries and the European Union—in the Development Assistance Committee (DAC),[18] a group of the world's major donor countries that discusses issues surrounding development aid and poverty reduction in developing countries.[19] The following OECD member countries are DAC members:

25 countries in Europe:

two countries in the Americas:

three countries in Asia:

two countries in Oceania:

IMF advanced economies

[edit]
  Countries described as Advanced Economies by the IMF

According to the International Monetary Fund, 41 countries and territories are officially listed as "advanced economies",[1][20] with the addition of 7 microstates and dependencies modified by the CIA which were omitted from the IMF version:[21]

28 countries and dependencies in Europe classified by the IMF, 6 others given by the CIA:

eight countries and territories in Asia:

three countries and territories in the Americas classified by the IMF, one territory given by the CIA :

two countries in Oceania:

d The CIA has modified an older version of the IMF's list of 38 Advanced Economies, noting that the IMF's Advanced Economies list "would presumably also cover the following nine smaller countries of Andorra, Bermuda, Faroe Islands, Guernsey, Holy See, Jersey, Liechtenstein, Monaco, and San Marino[...]". San Marino (2012) and Andorra (2021) were later included in the IMF's list.[21]

Paris Club members

[edit]
Permanent members of the Paris Club

There are 22 permanent members in the Paris Club (French: Club de Paris), a group of officials from major creditor countries whose role is to find coordinated and sustainable solutions to the payment difficulties experienced by debtor countries.

15 countries in Europe:

three countries in the Americas:

three countries in Asia:

one country in Oceania:

Comparative table (2025)

[edit]
A comparison among the developed countries in the world

Comparative table of countries with a "very high" human development (0.800 or higher), according to UNDP; "advanced" economies, according to the IMF; "high-income" economies, according to the World Bank.

Developed countries
Countries HDI[22] IMF[23] WB[24]
2023
Croatia Yes since 2007 Yes since 2023 Yes since 2017
2021
San Marino Yes since 2021 Yes since 2012 Yes since 2000
2020
Andorra Yes since 2003 Yes since 2020 Yes since 1990
2015
Lithuania Yes since 2005 Yes since 2015 Yes since 2012
2014
Latvia Yes since 2005 Yes since 2014 Yes since 2012
2011
Estonia Yes since 2003 Yes since 2011 Yes since 2006
2009
Slovakia Yes since 2006 Yes since 2009 Yes since 2007
Czech Republic Yes since 2001 Yes since 2009 Yes since 2006
2008
Malta Yes since 2003 Yes since 2008 Yes since 2002
Liechtenstein Yes since 2000 Yes since 2008 Yes since 1990
Monaco Yes before 1990[25] Yes since 2008 Yes before 1990
2007
Slovenia Yes since 1998 Yes since 2007 Yes since 1997
2005
Portugal Yes since 2005 Yes since 1989[26] Yes since 1994
2001
Greece Yes since 2001 Yes since 1989[26] Yes since 1996
South Korea Yes since 1999 Yes since 1997[27] Yes since 2001
Cyprus Yes since 2001 Yes since 2001 Yes since 1988
1999
Singapore Yes since 1999 Yes since 1997[27] Yes since 1987
1997
Israel Yes since 1991 Yes since 1997[27] Yes since 1987
Taiwan N/A[Note 1] Yes since 1997[27] Yes since 1987
1996
Ireland Yes since 1996 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
1995
Spain Yes since 1995 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
Italy Yes since 1995 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
1994
Finland Yes since 1994 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
1993
France Yes since 1993 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
1992
United Kingdom Yes since 1992 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
Austria Yes since 1992 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
Luxembourg Yes since 1992 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
1991
Denmark Yes since 1991 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
1987
New Zealand Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
Iceland Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
Sweden Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
Australia Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
Belgium Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
Canada Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
Germany Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
Japan Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
Netherlands Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
United States Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
Norway Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
 Switzerland Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987
In process
Countries HDI[33] IMF[23] WB[24]
Russia Yes since 2013 No Yes since 2023
Costa Rica Yes since 2019 No Yes since 2024
Uruguay Yes since 2014 No Yes since 2012
Chile Yes since 2007 No Yes since 2012
Trinidad and Tobago Yes since 2021 No Yes since 2006
Romania Yes since 2013 No Yes since 2021
Panama Yes since 2019 No Yes since 2021
Bahamas Yes since 2016 No Yes since 1987
Hungary Yes since 2005 No Yes since 2014
Poland Yes since 2003 No Yes since 2009
Kuwait Yes since 2014 No Yes since 1987
Bahrain Yes since 2012 No Yes since 2001
Oman Yes since 2012 No Yes since 2007
Saudi Arabia Yes since 2010 No Yes since 2004
United Arab Emirates Yes since 2004 No Yes since 1987
Brunei Yes since 1999 No Yes since 1990
Qatar Yes since 1996 No Yes since 1987
Saint Kitts and Nevis Yes since 2011 No Yes since 2012
Seychelles Yes since 2022 No Yes since 2014
Antigua and Barbuda Yes since 2007 No Yes since 2012
Barbados Yes since 2016 No Yes since 2006
Bulgaria Yes since 2021 No Yes since 2023
Other recognitions
Countries HDI[34] IMF[23] WB[24]
Serbia Yes since 2019 No No
Argentina Yes since 2006 No No
Montenegro Yes since 2013 No No
Kazakhstan Yes since 2015 No No
Malaysia Yes since 2016 No No
Turkey Yes since 2015 No No
Georgia Yes since 2019 No No
Belarus Yes since 2012 No No
Mauritius Yes since 2025 No No
Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes since 2025 No No
Armenia Yes since 2025 No No
Albania Yes since 2025 No No
North Macedonia Yes since 2025 No No
Guyana No No Yes since 2022
Nauru No No Yes since 2019
Palau No No Yes since 2023

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The HDI annual report compiled by the UNDP does not include Taiwan because it is no longer a UN member state, and is neither included as part of the People's Republic of China by the UNDP when calculating data for China.[28] Taiwan's Statistical Bureau calculated its HDI to be 0.926 based on UNDP's 2010 methodology,[29][30] which would place Taiwan well within the group of "Very high human development" at 19th globally in 2021 within the 2022 UNDP report.[31][32]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "World Economic and Financial Surveys World Economic Outlook Database—WEO Groups and Aggregates Information". International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 3 March 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  2. ^ Least Developed Countries Archived 17 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine (2018 list[usurped])
  3. ^ "Fiscal Policy and Inclusive Growth in Advanced Countries: Their Experience and Implications for Asia" (PDF). adb.org. Asian Development Bank. December 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  4. ^ "Advanced Countries Will Benefit Most from Progress in Technology, with Lesser Benefits to Other Nations". rand.org. RAND Corporation. 1 June 2006. Archived from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  5. ^ Developed Economy Definition Archived 22 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Investopedia (16 April 2010). Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  6. ^ International Monetary Fund. "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023". International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  7. ^ The Courier. Commission of the European Communities. 1994. Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  8. ^ "Human development index". Economics Help. Archived from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  9. ^ "Millennium Development Indicators: World and regional groupings". United Nations Statistics Division. 2003. Note b. Archived from the original on 10 February 2005. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  10. ^ "Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49): Developed Regions". United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  11. ^ "UNCTADstat - Classifications". Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  12. ^ Sachs, Jeffrey (2005). The End of Poverty. New York, New York: The Penguin Press. ISBN 1-59420-045-9.
  13. ^ Wackernagel, Mathis; Beyers, Bert (2019). Ecological Footprint: Managing Our Biocapacity Budget. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-86571-911-8. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  14. ^ Lee, Eun Su; Liu, Wei; Yang, Jing Yu (23 September 2021). "Neither developed nor emerging: Dual paths for outward FDI and home country innovation in emerged market MNCs". International Business Review. 32 (2): 101925. doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2021.101925. ISSN 0969-5931. S2CID 244268711.
  15. ^ Human Development Report 2025 - A matter of choice: People and possibilities in the age of AI. United Nations Development Programme. 6 May 2025. Archived from the original on 6 May 2025. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
  16. ^ "World Economic Situation and Prospects 2025". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. p. 143.
  17. ^ "World Bank Country and Lending Groups". World Bank. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  18. ^ Peer reviews of DAC members – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Archived 27 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Oecd.org. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  19. ^ DAC website >> "The DAC in Dates" Archived 15 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine, On the DAC's self-description, see the introductory letter. On other events, refer to the relevant section by date.
  20. ^ "World Economic and Financial Surveys World Economic Outlook Database—All countries/Advanced economies (40 countries)". International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  21. ^ a b CIA (2008). "Appendix B. International Organizations and Groups". World Factbook. Archived from the original on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 10 April 2008.
  22. ^ "Human Development Index (HDI) | Human Development Reports". hdr.undp.org. United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original on 6 May 2025. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
  23. ^ a b c "World Economic Outlook Database – Changes to the Database". International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  24. ^ a b c "World Bank Country and Lending Groups – World Bank Data Help Desk". datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  25. ^ "Monaco Has The World's Highest Score on the U.N. Human Development Index". Monaco Estate. 29 November 2021. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  26. ^ a b "World Economic Outlook, October 1989" (PDF). International Monetary Fund. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  27. ^ a b c d International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1997. Annual Report of the Executive Board. International Monetary Fund. October 1997. doi:10.5089/9781451945102.011. ISBN 9781451945102. Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  28. ^ Nations, United. "Data Reader's Guide". Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  29. ^ "What is the human development index (HDI)? How are relevant data queried?" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  30. ^ "人類發展指數" (PDF) (in Chinese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  31. ^ "National Statistics, Republic of China (Taiwan) - Statistical Tables". eng.stat.gov.tw. Archived from the original on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  32. ^ "國情統計通報" (PDF) (in Chinese). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  33. ^ "Human Development Index (HDI) | Human Development Reports". hdr.undp.org. United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original on 6 May 2025. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
  34. ^ United Nations (13 March 2024). Human Development Report 2023/2024 Breaking the gridlock: Reimaging cooperation in a polarized world. United Nations Development Programme. pp. 279–282. ISBN 978-9-210-03102-8. Archived from the original on 4 May 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
[edit]
提前吃什么喝酒不醉 饭后胃胀吃什么药 布鲁氏菌病是什么病 什么笑什么笑 半青皮是什么意思
入睡困难是什么原因引起的 失格是什么意思 胰腺在人体什么部位 为什么运动完会恶心头晕想吐 啃老是什么意思
七月十一日是什么日子 咳必清又叫什么 口腔溃疡用什么药 女人梦见老虎是什么预兆 decaf是什么意思
褒义词什么意思 上梁不正下梁歪是什么意思 免疫缺陷是什么意思 山药吃了有什么好处 口干是什么原因呢
prr是什么意思hcv7jop6ns3r.cn 手机号码是什么hcv8jop5ns5r.cn 小孩老是眨眼睛是什么原因weuuu.com 鄙视是什么意思hanqikai.com 便溏是什么原因引起的hcv9jop8ns3r.cn
高血糖吃什么降得快hcv8jop4ns2r.cn 梦见洗头是什么预兆hcv7jop9ns5r.cn 男人交生育保险有什么用hcv8jop0ns3r.cn 保税仓是什么意思hcv9jop2ns6r.cn 5月25号是什么星座hcv9jop4ns1r.cn
正常大便是什么颜色hcv9jop6ns2r.cn 果代表什么生肖hcv9jop5ns6r.cn 什么颜色加什么颜色是红色hcv8jop3ns6r.cn 什么牌子的蜂蜜比较好hcv9jop7ns2r.cn 辣椒蟹吃什么hcv9jop5ns6r.cn
韭菜什么时候种最合适hcv9jop7ns1r.cn 蒙字五行属什么520myf.com 什么是性骚扰hcv8jop7ns1r.cn mc什么意思hcv8jop4ns5r.cn 林子祥属什么生肖hcv9jop1ns3r.cn
百度