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 | This Lua module is used on approximately 10,700,000 pages, or roughly 17% of all pages. To avoid major disruption and server load, any changes should be tested in the module's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own module sandbox. The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them. |
 | This module is rated as ready for general use. It has reached a mature form and is thought to be relatively bug-free and ready for use wherever appropriate. It is ready to mention on help pages and other Wikipedia resources as an option for new users to learn. To reduce server load and bad output, it should be improved by sandbox testing rather than repeated trial-and-error editing. |
 | This module is subject to page protection. It is a highly visible module in use by a very large number of pages, or is substituted very frequently. Because vandalism or mistakes would affect many pages, and even trivial editing might cause substantial load on the servers, it is protected from editing. |
 | This module depends on the following other modules: |
 | This module uses TemplateStyles: |
This module has two functions, portal and image. The portal produces a box with links to a portal or to multiple portals, and is used by the {{portal}} template. It is most often used in the "See also" section of an article. The image function produces the name of the image used by the specified portal.
See here, here, and here for test cases.
Portal function
The portal function produces a box of portal links.
Usage
Basic usage
{{#invoke:Portal|portal |Portal 1 |Portal 2 |Portal 3 |... }}
Location
Within articles, the output of the portal function is meant to be placed at the top of the article's See also section. If there is no See also section, you may put it in the External links section instead; there is no need to create a new section just to house this template. If there is no External links section either, just put it below the article text in the place that seems most appropriate.
There are no particular rules about the placement of portals on other kinds of pages.
Image
The portal image names are stored in subpages of Module:Portal/images, organised by the first letter of the portal name. For example, the first letter of Portal:Feminism is "F", so the image name is stored at Module:Portal/images/f. If there is an entry for a portal on the correct page then the corresponding image will be shown next to the portal link. If no image is found then File:Portal-puzzle.svg will be shown instead.
It is also possible to specify aliases for portal images. For example, the code {{Portal|Detroit}} produces the same image as the code {{Portal|Metro Detroit}}. The "Detroit" alias is found on the page Module:Portal/images/aliases.
The image-detection algorithm is case-insensitive. For example, the code {{Portal|Detroit}} will produce the same image as the code {{Portal|detroit}} (although the portal links will be different). Portal names are stored in lower case in the image subpages, and input is converted to lower case before being checked.
To add new images to the list, please make a protected edit request at Template talk:Portal to get an administrator to edit the correct subpage for you. Portal images must be either in the public domain or available under a free license that allows commercial reuse and derivative works; fair-use images are not acceptable. The template {{Portal icon demonstration}} may be of use when deciding whether an image is suitable for use as a portal icon; it formats an image using the same size and style that the {{Portal}} template uses by default.
A list of portals and aliases of portals without icons can be found at Category:Portal templates with default image.
List of image subpages
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Example
The box on the right format with small text can incorporate multiple portals.
Box
{{Portal|Canada}}
{{Portal|Canada|Example}}
Inline format for the left side with normal sized text; See Template:Portal-inline for a listing of parameters.
Inline
{{Portal-inline|Canada}}
Canada portal
Inline format for the right side with normal sized text: See Template:Portal for more information.
{{Portal|border=no|Canada}}
Bar
The bar format is normally used for multiple portals. This template does not belong in the "See also" section. Per MOS:SECTIONORDER, this template is bottom matter and goes below standard navigation templates.
{{Portal bar|Canada|Example|border=no}}
Parameters
| Name | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
1, 2, 3 ... |
The portal name, e.g. Literature |
The positional parameters specify the portals to be displayed. |
left |
yes |
If set to yes, the portal appears on the left side of the page instead of the right.
|
margin |
CSS margin value, e.g. 1.2em 3em 0.5em 1em |
This allows you to set a custom margin. All valid CSS margin values are accepted. |
break |
yes |
If set to yes, a line break is inserted after the portal name and before the word portal.
|
redlinks |
Any of the following values: yes, y, true, or include |
Redlinks will be displayed. The default is to suppress redlinks. |
nominimum |
Any of the following values: yes, y, or true |
Suppresses the warning if no parameters are supplied. This can be useful when Template:Portal is called by another template. |
border |
Any of the following values: no, n, or false |
Turn off border and background |
tracking |
Any of the following values: no, n, false |
Tracking categories will be suppressed. The default is to use tracking categories, except on certain namespaces and on pagenames which contain "/archive", "/doc" or "/test". |
Error tracking
If the module is used incorrectly, the page will be added to a tracking category.
The tracking categories are not applied if any of the following is true:
- Tracking is specially disabled for that usage. This is done by setting the optional parameter
|tracking=to any the following values:no,n,false - the template is used on a page in any of these namespaces: Talk, User, User talk, Wikipedia talk, File talk, Template talk, Category talk, Portal talk, Draft, Draft talk, Module talk
- The title page on which the template is used includes any of the following case-insensitive strings: "/archive", "/doc", "/test"
- Category:Portal templates with too few portals (1)
- Category:Portal templates with too many portals (0)
- Category:Portal templates with redlinked portals (1,185)
- Category:Pages with empty portal template (16)
- Category:Portal templates with default image (42)
Image function
The image function produces the name of the image used by the specified portal.
Usage
{{#invoke:Portal|image|portal}}
Example
{{#invoke:Portal|image|Art}}→ Ballerina-icon.jpg
Image dupes function
The image dupes function returns a list of all images that are being used by more than one portal (aliases are not included). This can be helpful in identifying image entries that should be changed to use aliases.
Usage
{{#invoke:Portal|imageDupes}}
Display all function
The display all function returns a box containing all portals that have images. This is used for maintenance, and should not be displayed in articles, because a) there are around 1000 portals with images, and displaying 1000 images on one page takes up a lot of server resources, and b) the module has no way to know the correct capitalisation of a portal name, so some links to portals will be broken. The output of this function can be seen at Template:Portal/doc/all.
Usage
{{#invoke:Portal|displayAll}}
--[==[ This module is a Lua implementation of the old {{Portal}} template. As of February 2019 it is used on nearly 7,900,000 articles.
-- Please take care when updating it! It outputs two functions: p.portal, which generates a list of portals, and p.image, which
-- produces the image name for an individual portal.
-- The portal image data is kept in submodules of [[Module:Portal/images]], listed below:
-- [[Module:Portal/images/a]] - for portal names beginning with "A".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/b]] - for portal names beginning with "B".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/c]] - for portal names beginning with "C".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/d]] - for portal names beginning with "D".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/e]] - for portal names beginning with "E".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/f]] - for portal names beginning with "F".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/g]] - for portal names beginning with "G".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/h]] - for portal names beginning with "H".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/i]] - for portal names beginning with "I".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/j]] - for portal names beginning with "J".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/k]] - for portal names beginning with "K".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/l]] - for portal names beginning with "L".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/m]] - for portal names beginning with "M".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/n]] - for portal names beginning with "N".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/o]] - for portal names beginning with "O".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/p]] - for portal names beginning with "P".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/q]] - for portal names beginning with "Q".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/r]] - for portal names beginning with "R".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/s]] - for portal names beginning with "S".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/t]] - for portal names beginning with "T".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/u]] - for portal names beginning with "U".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/v]] - for portal names beginning with "V".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/w]] - for portal names beginning with "W".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/x]] - for portal names beginning with "X".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/y]] - for portal names beginning with "Y".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/z]] - for portal names beginning with "Z".
-- [[Module:Portal/images/other]] - for portal names beginning with any other letters. This includes numbers,
-- letters with diacritics, and letters in non-Latin alphabets.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/aliases]] - for adding aliases for existing portal names. Use this page for variations
-- in spelling and diacritics, etc., no matter what letter the portal begins with.
--
-- The images data pages are separated by the first letter to reduce server load when images are added, changed, or removed.
-- Previously all the images were on one data page at [[Module:Portal/images]], but this had the disadvantage that all
-- 5,000,000 pages using this module needed to be refreshed every time an image was added or removed.
]==]
local p = {}
-- determine whether we're being called from a sandbox
local isSandbox = mw.getCurrentFrame():getTitle():find('sandbox', 1, true)
local sandbox = isSandbox and '/sandbox' or ''
local function sandboxVersion(s)
return isSandbox and s..'-sand' or s
end
local templatestyles = 'Module:Portal'..sandbox..'/styles.css'
local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')
-- List of non-talk namespaces which should not be tracked (Talk pages are never tracked)
local badNamespaces = {'user','template','draft','wikipedia'}
-- Check whether to do tracking in this namespace
-- Returns true unless the page is one of the banned namespaces
local function checkTracking(title)
local thisPage = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
if thisPage.isTalkPage then
return false
end
local ns = thisPage.nsText:lower()
for _, v in ipairs(badNamespaces) do
if ns == v then
return false
end
end
return true
end
local function matchImagePage(s)
-- Finds the appropriate image subpage given a lower-case
-- portal name plus the first letter of that portal name.
if type(s) ~= 'string' or #s < 1 then return end
local firstLetter = mw.ustring.sub(s, 1, 1)
local imagePage
if mw.ustring.find(firstLetter, '^[a-z]') then
imagePage = 'Module:Portal/images/' .. firstLetter .. sandbox
else
imagePage = 'Module:Portal/images/other' .. sandbox
end
return mw.loadData(imagePage)[s]
end
local function getAlias(s)
-- Gets an alias from the image alias data page.
local aliasData = mw.loadData('Module:Portal/images/aliases'..sandbox)
for portal, aliases in pairs(aliasData) do
for _, alias in ipairs(aliases) do
if alias == s then
return portal
end
end
end
end
local defaultImage = 'Portal-puzzle.svg|link=|alt='
local function getImageName(s)
-- Gets the image name for a given string.
if type(s) ~= 'string' or #s < 1 then
return defaultImage
end
s = mw.ustring.lower(s)
local image = matchImagePage(s) or matchImagePage(getAlias(s)) or defaultImage
image = mw.ustring.gsub(image,'^File:','') --- strip mistaken leading File: or Image:
image = mw.ustring.gsub(image,'^Image:','')
return image
end
local function exists(title)
local success, exists = pcall(function() return title.exists end)
-- If success = false, then we're out of expensive parser function calls and can't check whether it exists
-- in that case, don't throw a Lua error
return not success or exists
end
-- Function to check argument portals for errors, generate tracking categories if needed
-- Function first checks for too few/many portals provided
-- Then checks the portal list to purge any portals that don't exist
-- Arguments:
-- portals: raw list of portals
-- args.tracking: is tracking requested? (will not track on bad titles or namespaces)
-- args.redlinks: should redlinks be displayed?
-- args.minPortals: minimum number of portal arguments
-- args.maxPortals: maximum number of portal arguments
-- Returns:
-- portals = list of portals, with redlinks purged (if args.redlinks=false)
-- trackingCat = possible tracking category
-- errorMsg = error message
function p._checkPortals(portals, args)
local trackingCat = ''
local errMsg = nil
-- Tracking is on by default.
-- It is disabled if any of the following is true
-- 1/ the parameter "tracking" is set to 'no, 'n', or 'false'
-- 2/ the current page fails the namespace or pagename tests
local trackingEnabled = args.tracking and checkTracking()
args.minPortals = args.minPortals or 1
args.maxPortals = args.maxPortals or -1
-- check for too few portals
if #portals < args.minPortals then
errMsg = 'please specify at least '..args.minPortals..' portal'..(args.minPortals > 1 and 's' or '')
trackingCat = (trackingEnabled and '[[Category:Portal templates with too few portals]]' or '')
return portals, trackingCat, errMsg
end
-- check for too many portals
if args.maxPortals >= 0 and #portals > args.maxPortals then
errMsg = 'too many portals (maximum = '..args.maxPortals..')'
trackingCat = (trackingEnabled and '[[Category:Portal templates with too many portals]]' or '')
return portals, trackingCat, errMsg
end
if not args.redlinks or trackingEnabled then
-- make new list of portals that exist
local existingPortals = {}
for _, portal in ipairs(portals) do
local portalTitle = mw.title.new(portal,"Portal")
-- if portal exists, put it into list
if portalTitle and exists(portalTitle) then
table.insert(existingPortals,portal)
-- otherwise set tracking cat
elseif trackingEnabled then
trackingCat = "[[Category:Portal templates with redlinked portals]]"
end
end
-- If redlinks is off, use portal list purged of redlinks
portals = args.redlinks and portals or existingPortals
-- if nothing left after purge, set tracking cat
if #portals == 0 and trackingEnabled then
trackingCat = trackingCat.."[[Category:Pages with empty portal template]]"
end
end
return portals, trackingCat, errMsg
end
local function portalBox(args)
return mw.html.create('ul')
:attr('role', 'navigation')
:attr('aria-label', 'Portals')
:addClass('noprint')
:addClass(args.error and '' or sandboxVersion('portalbox'))
:addClass(args.border and sandboxVersion('portalborder') or '')
:addClass(sandboxVersion(args.left and 'portalleft' or 'portalright'))
:css('margin', args.margin or nil)
:newline()
end
local function fillBox(root, contents)
for _, item in ipairs(contents) do
local entry = root:tag('li')
entry:addClass(sandboxVersion('portalbox-entry'))
local image = entry:tag('span')
image:addClass(sandboxVersion('portalbox-image'))
image:wikitext(item[1])
local link = entry:tag('span')
link:addClass(sandboxVersion('portalbox-link'))
link:wikitext(item[2])
end
return root
end
local function noviewer(portalImage)
-- Function to add noviewer class to filespec for portalImage
local portalImage, hasClass = mw.ustring.gsub(portalImage, "class%s*=[^%|]+", "%0 noviewer")
if hasClass == 0 then
portalImage = portalImage.."|class=noviewer"
end
return portalImage
end
function p._portal(portals, args)
-- This function builds the portal box used by the {{portal}} template.
-- Normalize all arguments
if args.redlinks == 'include' then args.redlinks = true end
args.addBreak = args['break']
for key, default in pairs({left=false,tracking=true,nominimum=false,
redlinks=false,addBreak=false,border=true}) do
if args[key] == nil then args[key] = default end
args[key] = yesno(args[key], default)
end
local root = portalBox(args)
local trackingCat = ''
local errMsg = nil
args.minPortals = args.nominimum and 0 or 1
args.maxPortals = -1
portals, trackingCat, errMsg = p._checkPortals(portals, args)
root:wikitext(trackingCat)
-- if error message, put it in the box and return
if errMsg then
if args.border then -- suppress error message when border=no
args.error = true -- recreate box without fancy formatting
root = portalBox(args)
root:wikitext(trackingCat)
local errTag = root:tag('strong')
errTag:addClass('error')
errTag:css('padding','0.2em')
errTag:wikitext('Error: '..errMsg)
end
return tostring(root)
end
-- if no portals (and no error), just return tracking category
if #portals == 0 then
return trackingCat
end
local contents = {}
-- Display the portals specified in the positional arguments.
local defaultUsed = nil
for _, portal in ipairs(portals) do
local portalImage = getImageName(portal)
if portalImage == defaultImage then
defaultUsed = portal
else
portalImage = noviewer(portalImage)
end
local image = string.format('[[File:%s|32x28px]]',
portalImage)
local link = string.format('[[Portal:%s|%s%sportal]]',
portal, portal, args.addBreak and '<br />' or ' ')
table.insert(contents, {image, link})
end
if defaultUsed and args.tracking and checkTracking() then
local cat = string.format('[[Category:Portal templates with default image|%s]]',
defaultUsed)
root:wikitext(cat)
end
return tostring(fillBox(root, contents))
end
function p._demo(imageList, args)
for key, default in pairs({left=false,border=true}) do
if args[key] == nil then args[key] = default end
args[key] = yesno(args[key], default)
end
local root = portalBox(args)
local contents = {}
-- Display the portals specified in the positional arguments.
for _, fn in ipairs(imageList) do
local image = string.format('[[File:%s|32x28px]]',noviewer(fn))
local link = string.format('[[:File:%s|%s]]',fn,fn)
table.insert(contents,{image,link})
end
return tostring(fillBox(root,contents))
end
function p._image(portal,keep)
-- Wrapper function to allow getImageName() to be accessed through #invoke.
-- backward compatibility: if table passed, take first element
if type(portal) == 'table' then
portal = portal[1]
end
local name = getImageName(portal)
-- If keep is yes (or equivalent), then allow all metadata (like image borders) to be returned
-- also, add "noviewer" class to metadata
local keepargs = yesno(keep)
if keepargs then
return noviewer(name)
end
-- otherwise, just keep filename, plus optional category
local args = mw.text.split(name, "|", true)
local result = {args[1]} -- the filename always comes first
local category = ''
-- parse name, looking for category arguments
for i = 2,#args do
local m = mw.ustring.match(args[i], "^%s*category%s*=")
if m then
table.insert(result, args[i])
end
end
-- reassemble arguments
return table.concat(result,"|")
end
local function getAllImageTable()
-- Returns an array containing all image subpages (minus aliases) as loaded by mw.loadData.
local images = {}
for i, subpage in ipairs{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', 'other'} do
local imageTable = mw.loadData('Module:Portal/images/' .. subpage .. sandbox)
for portal, image in pairs(imageTable) do
local args = mw.text.split(image,"|")
images[portal] = args[1] -- just use image filename
end
end
return images
end
function p._displayAll(portals, args)
-- This function displays all portals that have portal images. This function is for maintenance purposes and should not be used in
-- articles, for two reasons: 1) there are over 1500 portals with portal images, and 2) the module doesn't record how the portal
-- names are capitalized, so the portal links may be broken.
local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage()
portals = portals or {}
for portal in pairs(getAllImageTable()) do
table.insert(portals,lang:ucfirst(portal))
end
table.sort(portals)
args.redlinks = args.redlinks or "yes"
return p._portal(portals, args)
end
function p._imageDupes()
-- This function searches the image subpages to find duplicate images. If duplicate images exist, it is not necessarily a bad thing,
-- as different portals might just happen to choose the same image. However, this function is helpful in identifying images that
-- should be moved to a portal alias for ease of maintenance.
local exists, dupes = {}, {}
for portal, image in pairs(getAllImageTable()) do
if not exists[image] then
exists[image] = portal
else
table.insert(dupes, string.format('The image "[[:File:%s|%s]]" is used for both portals "%s" and "%s".', image, image, exists[image], portal))
end
end
if #dupes < 1 then
return 'No duplicate images found.'
else
return 'The following duplicate images were found:\n* ' .. table.concat(dupes, '\n* ')
end
end
local function processPortalArgs(args)
-- This function processes a table of arguments and returns two tables: an array of portal names for processing by ipairs, and a table of
-- the named arguments that specify style options, etc. We need to use ipairs because we want to list all the portals in the order
-- they were passed to the template, but we also want to be able to deal with positional arguments passed explicitly, for example
-- {{portal|2=Politics}}. The behaviour of ipairs is undefined if nil values are present, so we need to make sure they are all removed.
args = type(args) == 'table' and args or {}
local portals = {}
local namedArgs = {}
for k, v in pairs(args) do
if type(k) == 'number' and type(v) == 'string' then -- Make sure we have no non-string portal names.
table.insert(portals, k)
elseif type(k) ~= 'number' then
namedArgs[k] = v
end
end
table.sort(portals)
for i, v in ipairs(portals) do
portals[i] = args[v]
end
return portals, namedArgs
end
-- Entry point for sorting portals from other named arguments
function p._processPortalArgs(args)
return processPortalArgs(args)
end
function p.image(frame)
local origArgs = getArgs(frame)
local portals, args = processPortalArgs(origArgs)
return p._image(portals[1],args.border)
end
function p.demo(frame)
local args = getArgs(frame)
local styles = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = templatestyles} }
return styles..p._demo(args,args)
end
local function makeWrapper(funcName)
-- Processes external arguments and sends them to the other functions.
return function (frame)
-- If called via #invoke, use the args passed into the invoking
-- template, or the args passed to #invoke if any exist. Otherwise
-- assume args are being passed directly in from the debug console
-- or from another Lua module.
-- Also: trim whitespace and remove blank arguments
local origArgs = getArgs(frame)
-- create two tables to pass to func: an array of portal names, and a table of named arguments.
local portals, args = processPortalArgs(origArgs)
local results = ''
if funcName == '_portal' or funcName == '_displayAll' then
results = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = templatestyles} }
end
return results .. p[funcName](portals, args)
end
end
for _, funcName in ipairs{'portal', 'imageDupes', 'displayAll'} do
p[funcName] = makeWrapper('_' .. funcName)
end
return p