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The Architecture Portal

In adding the dome to the Florence Cathedral (Italy) in the early 15th century, the architect Filippo Brunelleschi not only transformed the building and the city, but also the role and status of the architect.

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Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. The term comes from Latin architectura; from Ancient Greek ?ρχιτ?κτων (arkhitéktōn) 'architect'; from ?ρχι- (arkhi-) 'chief' and τ?κτων (téktōn) 'creator'. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.

Architecture began as rural, oral vernacular architecture that developed from trial and error to successful replication. Ancient urban architecture was preoccupied with building religious structures and buildings symbolizing the political power of rulers until Greek and Roman architecture shifted focus to civic virtues. Indian and Chinese architecture influenced forms all over Asia and Buddhist architecture in particular took diverse local flavors. During the Middle Ages, pan-European styles of Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals and abbeys emerged while the Renaissance favored Classical forms implemented by architects known by name. Later, the roles of architects and engineers became separated.

Modern architecture began after World War I as an avant-garde movement that sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order focused on meeting the needs of the middle and working classes. Emphasis was put on modern techniques, materials, and simplified geometric forms, paving the way for high-rise superstructures. Many architects became disillusioned with modernism which they perceived as ahistorical and anti-aesthetic, and postmodern and contemporary architecture developed. Over the years, the field of architectural construction has branched out to include everything from ship design to interior decorating. (Full article...)

Featured articles -

Featured articles are displayed here, which represent some of the best content on English Wikipedia.

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  A postcard dated July 12, 1907, showing the New Orleans Mint during its last few years of operation as a branch mint facility

  
  The New Orleans Mint (French: Monnaie de La Nouvelle-Orléans) operated in New Orleans, Louisiana, as a branch mint of the United States Mint from 1838 to 1861 and from 1879 to 1909. During its years of operation, it produced over 427 million gold and silver coins of nearly every American denomination, with a total face value of over US$ 307 million. It was closed during most of the American Civil War and Reconstruction.
  
  After it was decommissioned as a mint, the building has served a variety of purposes, including as an assay office, a United States Coast Guard storage facility, and a fallout shelter. (Full article...)
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  "The most comfortable house in England"

  
  Sandringham House is a country house in the parish of Sandringham, Norfolk, England. It is one of the royal residences of Charles III, whose grandfather, George VI, and great-grandfather, George V, both died there. The house stands in a 20,000-acre (8,100 ha) estate in the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The house is listed as Grade II* and the landscaped gardens, park and woodlands are on the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.
  
  The site has been occupied since Elizabethan times, when a large manor house was constructed. This was replaced in 1771 by a Georgian mansion for the owners, the Hoste Henleys. In 1836 Sandringham was bought by John Motteux, a London merchant, who already owned property in Norfolk and Surrey. Motteux had no direct heir, and on his death in 1843, his entire estate was left to Charles Spencer Cowper, the son of Motteux's close friend Emily Temple, Viscountess Palmerston. Cowper sold the Norfolk and the Surrey estates and embarked on rebuilding at Sandringham. He led an extravagant life, and by the early 1860s, the estate was mortgaged and he and his wife spent most of their time on the Continent. (Full article...)
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  The ruins of Santa María de óvila in Spain, shown more than 75 years after the most striking architectural features were removed by agents of William Randolph Hearst

  
  Santa María de óvila is a former Cistercian monastery built in Spain beginning in 1181 on the Tagus River near Trillo, Guadalajara, about 90 miles (140 km) northeast of Madrid. In 1835 it was confiscated by the Spanish government and sold to private owners.
  
  American publisher William Randolph Hearst bought parts of the monastery in 1931 with the intention of using its stones in the construction of a grand and fanciful castle at Wyntoon, California, but after some 10,000 stones were removed and shipped, they were abandoned in San Francisco for decades. These stones are now in various locations around California: the old church portal was erected at the University of San Francisco, and the chapter house was reassembled by Trappist monks at the Abbey of New Clairvaux in Vina, California. Other stones are serving as simple decorative elements in Golden Gate Park's botanical garden. (Full article...)
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  Speer in 1933

  
  Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/?p??r/; German: [??pe???] ^?; 19 March 1905 – 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II. A close friend and ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison.
  
  An architect by training, Speer joined the Nazi Party in 1931. His architectural skills made him increasingly prominent within the Party, and he became a member of Hitler's inner circle. Hitler commissioned him to design and construct structures, including the Reich Chancellery and the Nazi Party rally grounds in Nuremberg. In 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for Berlin. In this capacity he was responsible for the Central Department for Resettlement that evicted Jewish tenants from their homes in Berlin. In February 1942, Speer was appointed as Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production. Using misleading statistics, he promoted himself as having performed an armaments miracle that was widely credited with keeping Germany in the war. In 1944, Speer established a task force to increase production of fighter aircraft. It became instrumental in exploiting slave labor for the benefit of the German war effort. (Full article...)
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  "Truly the palace of a modern magician" – the Victorian periodical The World describes Armstrong and his house

  
  Cragside is a Victorian Tudor Revival country house near the town of Rothbury in Northumberland, England. It was the home of William Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong, founder of the Armstrong Whitworth armaments firm. An industrial magnate, scientist, philanthropist and inventor of the hydraulic crane and the Armstrong gun, Armstrong also displayed his inventiveness in the domestic sphere, making Cragside the first house in the world to be lit using hydroelectric power. The estate was technologically advanced; the architect of the house, Richard Norman Shaw, wrote that it was equipped with "wonderful hydraulic machines that do all sorts of things". In the grounds, Armstrong built dams and lakes to power a sawmill, a water-powered laundry, early versions of a dishwasher and a dumb waiter, a hydraulic lift and a hydroelectric rotisserie. In 1887, Armstrong was raised to the peerage, the first engineer or scientist to be ennobled, and became Baron Armstrong of Cragside.
  
  The original building consisted of a small shooting lodge which Armstrong built between 1862 and 1864. In 1869, he employed the architect Richard Norman Shaw to enlarge the site, and in two phases of work between 1869 and 1882, they transformed the house into a northern Neuschwanstein. The result was described by the architect and writer Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel as "one of the most dramatic compositions in all architecture". Armstrong filled the house with a significant art collection; he and his wife were patrons of many 19th-century British artists. Cragside became an integral part of Armstrong's commercial operations: honoured guests under Armstrong's roof, including the Shah of Persia, the King of Siam and two future Prime Ministers of Japan, were also customers for his commercial undertakings. (Full article...)
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  The double, superimposed colonnade on the south front of West Wycombe. It has a Tuscan order ground floor and Corinthian upper floor with a central projecting pediment, very unusual in English architecture. (Marked M on plan below)

  
  West Wycombe Park is a country house built between 1740 and 1800 near the village of West Wycombe in Buckinghamshire, England. It was conceived as a pleasure palace for the 18th-century libertine and dilettante Sir Francis Dashwood, 2nd Baronet. The house is a long rectangle with four fa?ades that are columned and pedimented, three theatrically so. The house encapsulates the entire progression of British 18th-century architecture from early idiosyncratic Palladian to the Neoclassical, although anomalies in its design make it architecturally unique. The mansion is set within an 18th-century landscaped park containing many small temples and follies, which act as satellites to the greater temple, the house.
  
  The house, a Grade I listed building, was given to the National Trust in 1943 by Sir John Dashwood, 10th Baronet (1896–1966), an action strongly resented by his heir. Dashwood retained ownership of the surrounding estate and the contents of the house, most of which he sold; after his death, the house was restored at the expense of his son, the 11th Baronet. Today, while the structure is owned by the National Trust, the house is still the home of the Dashwood family. The house is open to the public during the summer months and is a venue for civil weddings and corporate entertainment, which help to fund its maintenance and upkeep. (Full article...)
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  1 World Trade Center under construction in 1970

  
  The construction of the first World Trade Center complex in New York City was conceived as an urban renewal project to help revitalize Lower Manhattan spearheaded by David Rockefeller. The project was developed by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. The idea for the World Trade Center arose after World War II as a way to supplement existing avenues of international commerce in the United States.
  
  The World Trade Center was originally planned to be built on the east side of Lower Manhattan, but the New Jersey and New York state governments, which oversee the Port Authority, could not agree on this location. After extensive negotiations, the New Jersey and New York state governments agreed to support the World Trade Center project, which was built at the site of Radio Row in the Lower West Side of Manhattan, New York City. To make the agreement acceptable to New Jersey, the Port Authority agreed to take over the bankrupt Hudson & Manhattan Railroad, which brought commuters from New Jersey to the Lower Manhattan site and, upon the Port Authority's takeover of the railroad, was renamed PATH. (Full article...)
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  Charles Holden, 1946

  
  Charles Henry Holden FRIBA MRTPI RDI (12 May 1875 – 1 May 1960) was an English architect best known for designing many London Underground stations during the 1920s and 1930s, the Underground Electric Railways Company of London's headquarters at 55 Broadway, for the University of London's Senate House and for Bristol Central Library. He created many war cemeteries in Belgium and northern France for the Imperial War Graves Commission.
  
  After working and training in Bolton and Manchester, Holden moved to London. His early buildings were influenced by the Arts and Crafts Movement, but for most of his career he championed an unadorned style based on simplified forms and massing that was free of what he considered to be unnecessary decorative detailing. Holden believed strongly that architectural designs should be dictated by buildings' intended functions. After the First World War, he increasingly simplified his style and his designs became pared-down and modernist, influenced by European architecture. He was a member of the Design and Industries Association and the Art Workers' Guild. He produced complete designs for his buildings including the interior design and architectural fittings. (Full article...)
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  Painting of Bruce by John Michael Wright, c. 1664

  
  Sir William Bruce of Kinross, 1st Baronet (c. 1630 – 1710), was a Scottish gentleman-architect, "the effective founder of classical architecture in Scotland," as Howard Colvin observes. As a key figure in introducing the Palladian style into Scotland, he has been compared to the pioneering English architects Inigo Jones and Christopher Wren, and to the contemporaneous introducers of French style in English domestic architecture, Hugh May and Sir Roger Pratt.
  
  Bruce was a merchant in Rotterdam during the 1650s, and played a role in the Restoration of Charles II in 1659. He carried messages between the exiled king and General Monck, and his loyalty to the king was rewarded with lucrative official appointments, including that of Surveyor General of the King's Works in Scotland, effectively making Bruce the "king's architect". His patrons included John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale, the most powerful man in Scotland at that time, and Bruce rose to become a member of Parliament, and briefly sat on the Privy Council of Scotland. (Full article...)
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  Buckingham Palace, from the Victoria Memorial

  
  Buckingham Palace (UK: /?b?k???m/) is a royal residence in London, and the administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning.
  
  Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as The Queen's House. During the 19th century it was enlarged by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837. (Full article...)
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  Burges in 1881

  
  William Burges ARA (/?b??d??s/; 2 December 1827 – 20 April 1881) was an English architect and designer. Among the greatest of the Victorian art-architects, he sought in his work to escape from both nineteenth-century industrialisation and the Neoclassical architectural style and re-establish the architectural and social values of a utopian medieval England. Burges stands within the tradition of the Gothic Revival, his works echoing those of the Pre-Raphaelites and heralding those of the Arts and Crafts movement.
  
  Burges's career was short but illustrious; he won his first major commission for Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral in Cork in 1863 when he was 35. He died in 1881 at his Kensington home, The Tower House aged only 53. His architectural output was small but varied. Working with a long-standing team of craftsmen, he built churches, a cathedral, a warehouse, a university, a school, houses and castles. (Full article...)
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  A statue of Austin Blair stands in the foreground

  
  The Michigan State Capitol is the building that houses the legislative branch of the government of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is in the portion of the state capital of Lansing which lies in Ingham County.
  
  The present structure, at the intersection of Capitol and Michigan Avenues, is a National Historic Landmark that houses the chambers and offices of the Michigan Legislature as well as the ceremonial offices of the Governor of Michigan and Lieutenant Governor. Historically, this is the third building to house the Michigan government. (Full article...)
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  Pei in 1980

  
  Ieoh Ming Pei FAIA RIBA (/?jo? m?? ?pe?/ YOH ming PAY; Chinese: 貝聿銘; pinyin: Bèi Yùmíng; April 26, 1917 – May 16, 2019) was a Chinese-American architect. Born in Guangzhou into a Chinese family, Pei drew inspiration at an early age from the garden villas at Suzhou, the traditional retreat of the scholar-gentry to which his family belonged. In 1935, he moved to the United States and enrolled in the University of Pennsylvania's architecture school, but quickly transferred to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Unhappy with the focus on Beaux-Arts architecture at both schools, he spent his free time researching emerging architects, especially Le Corbusier.
  
  After graduating from MIT, Pei enrolled in the Harvard Graduate School of Design (GSD) where he befriended faculty members Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer, both of whom had formerly taught at the Bauhaus. (Full article...)
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  55 Wall Street in 2012

  
  55 Wall Street, formerly the National City Bank Building, is an eight-story building on Wall Street between William and Hanover streets in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City, New York, United States. The lowest three stories were completed in either 1841 or 1842 as the four-story Merchants' Exchange and designed by Isaiah Rogers in the Greek Revival style. Between 1907 and 1910, McKim, Mead & White removed the original fourth story and added five floors to create the present building. Since 2006, the banking room has functioned as an event venue called the Cipriani Wall Street, while the upper stories have been a condominium development known as the Cipriani Club Residences.
  
  55 Wall Street's granite facade includes two stacked colonnades facing Wall Street, each with twelve columns. Inside is a cruciform banking hall with a 60-foot (18 m) vaulted ceiling, Corinthian columns, marble floors and walls, and an entablature around the interior. The banking hall was among the largest in the United States when it was completed. The offices of Citibank's predecessor National City Bank were in the corners of the banking hall, while the fourth through eighth floors were used as office space. The facade and part of the interior are New York City designated landmarks, and the building is listed on both the New York State Register of Historic Places and the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) as a National Historic Landmark. It is also a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, listed on the NRHP. (Full article...)
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  Aerial view of the Scottish Parliament Building

  
  The Scottish Parliament Building is the home of the Scottish Parliament at Holyrood, within the UNESCO World Heritage Site in central Edinburgh. Construction of the building commenced in June 1999 and the Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) held their first debate in the new building on 7 September 2004. The formal opening by Queen Elizabeth II took place on 9 October 2004. Enric Miralles, the Spanish architect who designed the building, died before its completion.
  
  From 1999 until the opening of the new building in 2004, committee rooms and the debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament were housed in the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland located on The Mound in Edinburgh. Office and administrative accommodation in support of the Parliament were provided in buildings leased from the City of Edinburgh Council. The new Scottish Parliament Building brought together these different elements into one purpose-built parliamentary complex, housing 129 MSPs and more than 1,000 staff and civil servants. (Full article...)

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Absolute World is a residential condominium twin tower skyscraper complex in the five-tower Absolute City Centre development in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. The project was built by Fernbrook Homes and Cityzen Development Group. With the first three towers completed (Absolute City Centre 1 and 2 and Absolute Vision), the last two towers (Absolute World 4 and 5) were topped off at 50 and 56 storeys. The complex's twin towers are nicknamed the "Marilyn Monroe Towers" due to their sinuous shape and design. (Full article...)

Featured lists -

Featured articles are displayed here, which represent some of the best content on English Wikipedia.

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  Sedgemoor is a former local government district in the English county of Somerset. In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical or cultural significance; Grade I structures are those considered to be "buildings of exceptional interest". Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, severe restrictions are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or its fittings. In England, the authority for listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 rests with Historic England, a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport; local authorities have a responsibility to regulate and enforce the planning regulations.
  
  Sedgemoor is a low-lying area of land close to sea level between the Quantock and Mendip hills, historically largely marsh (or moor). It contains the bulk of the area also known as the Somerset Levels, including Europe's oldest known engineered roadway, the Sweet Track. (Full article...)
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  Bath and North East Somerset shown within Somerset and England

  
  Bath and North East Somerset (commonly referred to as BANES or B&NES) is a unitary authority created on 1 April 1996, following the abolition of the County of Avon, which had existed since 1974. Part of the ceremonial county of Somerset, Bath and North East Somerset occupies an area of 220 square miles (570 km²), two-thirds of which is green belt. It stretches from the outskirts of Bristol, south into the Mendip Hills and east to the southern Cotswold Hills and Wiltshire border. The city of Bath is the principal settlement in the district, but BANES also covers Keynsham, Midsomer Norton, Radstock and the Chew Valley. The area has a population of 170,000, about half of whom live in Bath, making it 12 times more densely populated than the rest of the area.
  
  In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical, or cultural significance; Grade I structures are those considered to be "buildings of exceptional interest". Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, strict limitations are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or fittings. In England, the authority for listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 rests with Historic England, a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport; local authorities have a responsibility to regulate and enforce the planning regulations. (Full article...)
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  The skyline of Detroit in 2024

  
  This list of tallest buildings in Detroit ranks skyscrapers and high rises in the U.S. city of Detroit, Michigan by height. The tallest skyscraper in Detroit is the 73-story Detroit Marriott at the Renaissance Center, which rises 727 feet (222 m) along Detroit's International Riverfront.^[A] It is the tallest building in the state of Michigan, the 97th-tallest building in the United States, and the second tallest hotel building in the Western Hemisphere. Another famous skyscraper is Ally Detroit Center, which stands as the 3rd-tallest building in the city and the state.
  
  Detroit's history of skyscrapers began in 1889, with completion of the historic 10-story Hammond Building—considered the city's first steel-framed skyscraper. It was followed by the Savings Bank Building in 1895, the Majestic Building in 1896, and the Union Trust Building in 1896. Detroit witnessed a massive building boom during the Roaring Twenties, resulting in the construction of many of the city's ornate skyscrapers, including the Penobscot, Guardian, Fisher, Buhl, Stott, and Broderick. (Full article...)
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  West Somerset is a former local government district in the English county of Somerset. In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical or cultural significance; Grade I structures are those considered to be "buildings of exceptional interest". Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, severe restrictions are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or its fittings. In England, the authority for listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 rests with Historic England, a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport; local authorities have a responsibility to regulate and enforce the planning regulations.
  
  The district of West Somerset covers a largely rural area, with a population, according to the 2011 census, of 35,300 in an area of 740 square kilometres (290 sq mi). The largest centres of population are the coastal towns of Minehead and Watchet. The council's administrative headquarters are in the village of Williton. (Full article...)
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  Skyline of Tulsa (Use cursor to identify buildings)

  
  Tulsa, the second largest city in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, is the site of 26 completed high-rises over 200 feet (61 m), 4 of which stand taller than 492 feet (150 m). The tallest building in the city is the BOK Tower, which rises 667 feet (203 m) in Downtown Tulsa and was completed in 1975. It also stands as the 2nd-tallest building in Oklahoma. The second-tallest skyscraper in the city is the Cityplex Central Tower, which rises 648 feet (198 m) and was completed in 1979. The First Place Tower, completed in 1975 and rising 516 feet (157 m), is the third-tallest building in Tulsa. Five of the ten tallest buildings in Oklahoma are located in Tulsa. (Full article...)
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  Skyline of Dallas (use cursor to identify buildings)

  
  Dallas, the third-largest city in the U.S. state of Texas, is the site of 47 completed high-rise buildings over 350 feet (107 m), 20 of which stand taller than 492 feet (150 m). The tallest building in the city is the Bank of America Plaza, which rises 921 feet (281 m) in Downtown Dallas and was completed in 1985. It also stands as the 3rd-tallest building in Texas and the 40th-tallest building in the United States. The second-tallest skyscraper in the city is the Renaissance Tower, which rises 886 feet (270 m) and was completed in 1974. The Comerica Bank Tower, completed in 1987 and rising 787 feet (240 m), is the third-tallest building in Dallas. Three of the ten tallest buildings in Texas are located in Dallas. (Full article...)
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  View of Downtown Toronto in 2025

  
  Toronto is the largest city in Canada, with a metropolitan area population of over 6.2 million in 2021. Many of Toronto's tallest buildings are also the tallest in all of Canada. Toronto has one of the largest skylines in the world, with 108 skyscrapers taller than 150 m (492 ft), 32 of which have a height greater than 200 m (656 ft). It is the third largest skyline in North America, after New York City and Chicago. The city's tallest building since 1975 has been First Canadian Place, which rises 298 metres (978 ft) tall. It is also the tallest building in Canada. However, the tallest free-standing structure in the city is the 553.3 m (1,815 ft) CN Tower, which was the tallest free-standing structure in the world from 1975 until 2007, and remains the most prominent landmark on Toronto's skyline.
  
  The history of skyscrapers in Toronto began in 1894 with the construction of the Beard Building, which is often regarded as the first skyscraper in the city. Toronto went through its first building boom in the late 1920s and early 1930s, greatly increasing the number of tall buildings in the city. Following the Great Depression, there was a great lull in high-rise construction for over 30 years. A second, larger building boom began in the 1960s, which saw the construction of many recognizable commercial skyscrapers, such as the TD Bank Tower and Commerce Court West in 1972, the aforementioned First Canadian Place, and the postmodernist skyscrapers of Scotia Plaza and TD Canada Trust Tower towards the end of the boom. (Full article...)
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  The Salesforce Tower (right) has been San Francisco's tallest building since its construction in 2017. Prior to that, the Transamerica Pyramid (left) was the tallest building from its construction in 1972 until 2017. (Photographed on March 1, 2018)

  
  San Francisco, California, in the United States, has at least 482 high-rises, 58 of which are at least 400 feet (122 m) tall. The tallest building is Salesforce Tower, which rises 1,070 ft (330 m) and as of April 2023 is the 17th-tallest building in the United States. The city's second-tallest building is the Transamerica Pyramid, which rises 853 ft (260 m), and was previously the city's tallest for 45 years, from 1972 to 2017. The city's third-tallest building is 181 Fremont, rising to 802 ft (244 m).
  
  San Francisco has 27 skyscrapers that rise at least 492 feet (150 m). Six more skyscrapers of over 492 feet (150 m) are under construction, have been approved for construction, or have been proposed. Its skyline is currently ranked second in the Western United States (after Los Angeles) and sixth in the United States, after New York City, Chicago, Miami, Houston, and Los Angeles. (Full article...)
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  Skyline of Boston's Back Bay

  
  Boston, the capital of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and the largest city in New England, is home to 585 completed high-rises, 37 of which stand taller than 400 feet (122 m). The city's skyscrapers and high-rises are concentrated along the roughly 2.5 mile unofficial High Spine urban corridor, which runs through planning districts from Back Bay to the Financial District and West End, while bypassing surrounding low-rise residential districts. By surface/roof height, the tallest structure in Boston is the 60-story 200 Clarendon, better known to locals as the John Hancock Tower, which rises 790 feet (241 m) in the Back Bay district. It is also the tallest building in New England and the 80th-tallest building in the United States. The second-tallest building in Boston by surface/roof height and the tallest by pinnacle height is the Prudential Tower, which rises 52 floors and 749 feet (228 m). At the time of the Prudential Tower's completion in 1964, it stood as the tallest building in North America outside of New York City.
  
  Boston's history of skyscrapers began with the completion in 1893 of the 13-story Ames Building, which is considered the city's first high-rise. Boston went through a major building boom in the 1960s and 1970s, resulting in the construction of over 20 skyscrapers, including 200 Clarendon and the Prudential Tower. The city is the site of 25 skyscrapers that rise at least 492 feet (150 m) in height, more than any other city in New England. As of 2025, the skyline of Boston is ranked 10th in the United States and 40th in the world with 57 buildings rising at least 330 feet (100 m) in height. (Full article...)
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  Tokyo is the most populated of Japan's 47 prefectures. Mainland Tokyo is divided into two sections: Western Tokyo and the special wards of Tokyo. The prefecture's tallest structures are within the 23 special wards, which comprise the area formerly incorporated as Tokyo City. As of May 2025, there are over 200 structures in Tokyo that stand at least 150 metres (490 ft) tall, of which 49 are at least 200 metres (660 ft) tall, including those that are still under construction but have been topped out. Most of these structures are buildings; however, there are other types of structures among the tallest in the prefecture, such as freestanding towers and incineration smokestacks.
  
  The tallest structure in the prefecture is Tokyo Skytree, a megatall lattice tower that rises 634 metres (2,080 feet), which was completed in 2012. It also stands as the tallest structure in Japan, the tallest tower in the world, and the third-tallest freestanding structure in the world. The second-tallest structure in Tokyo is the 333-metre-tall (1,093-foot) Tokyo Tower, a lattice tower completed in 1958. The tallest building and third-tallest overall structure is the 325-metre-tall (1,066-foot) Azabudai Hills Mori JP Tower, completed in 2023 and being Tokyo's only supertall skyscraper. It is also the tallest building in Japan and the world's largest skyscraper by floor area. The second-tallest building and fourth-tallest structure is the 284-metre-tall (932-foot) Nihonbashi 1-Chōme Central District Redevelopment (tentative name), which is topped out and scheduled for completion in 2026. Including topped-out buildings, Tokyo is home to 17 of the 25 tallest freestanding structures and 18 of the 25 tallest buildings in Japan. (Full article...)
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  City of London skyline in 2024

  
  At 111 metres (364 ft), St Paul's Cathedral was the tallest building in London from 1710 until it was eventually surpassed by the 118 metre (387 ft) Millbank Tower in 1963. This in turn was overtaken by the BT Tower at 177 metres (581 ft) tall in 1964. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s several high-rise buildings were built, mostly in the western side of Central London and the City of London. In 1980, the 183 metre (600 ft) NatWest Tower (now Tower 42) was completed in the City of London. In 1991, One Canada Square was topped-out at 235 metres (771 ft), becoming the centrepiece of the Canary Wharf development.
  
  The 2000s saw the beginnings of a boom in skyscraper building, mostly in the City of London and Canary Wharf. Since 2012, the tallest building in London has been The Shard at London Bridge, which was topped out at 309.6 metres (1,016 ft). There are several tall buildings planned for the City and Canary Wharf, with further clusters emerging in other districts of London including: Stratford, the South Bank, Elephant and Castle, Vauxhall, Nine Elms, Islington, Lewisham as well as in places in Outer London such as Croydon. (Full article...)
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  General layout of a Shinto shrine: 1. Torii, 2. Stone stairs, 3. Sandō, 4. Chōzuya or Temizuya, 5. Tōrō, 6. Kagura-den (building dedicated to Noh or the sacred Kagura dance), 7. Shamusho (administration office), 8. Ema, 9. Sessha/massha, 10. Komainu, 11. Haiden, 12. Tamagaki, 13. Honden

  
  The number of Shinto shrines in Japan today has been estimated at more than 150,000. Single structure shrines are the most common. Shrine buildings might also include oratories (in front of main sanctuary), purification halls, offering halls called heiden (between honden and haiden), dance halls, stone or metal lanterns, fences or walls, torii and other structures. The term "National Treasure" has been used in Japan to denote cultural properties since 1897.
  The definition and the criteria have changed since the inception of the term. The shrine structures in this list were designated national treasures when the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties was implemented on June 9, 1951. As such they are eligible for government grants for repairs, maintenance and the installation of fire-prevention facilities and other disaster prevention systems. Owners are required to announce any changes to the National Treasures such as damage or loss and need to obtain a permit for transfer of ownership or intended repairs. The items are selected by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology based on their "especially high historical or artistic value". This list presents 43 entries of national treasure shrine structures from 12th-century Classical Heian period to the early modern 19th-century Edo period. The number of structures listed is actually more than 43, because in some cases groups of related structures are combined to form a single entry. The structures include main halls (honden), oratories (haiden), gates, offering halls (heiden), purification halls (haraedono) and other structures associated with shrines. (Full article...)
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  View over Castlefield, featuring Beetham Tower (centre-left, foreground) and the New Jackson skyscraper district (background)

  
  This list of the tallest buildings and structures in Greater Manchester ranks buildings in Greater Manchester, England, by height. Greater Manchester is the second-most populated metropolitan area in the United Kingdom after Greater London, with a population of over 2.5 million. The region's tallest buildings are concentrated in central Manchester and the adjacent borough of Salford, which together form a single, continuous urban core along the River Irwell.
  
  Since the late 2010s, central Manchester has experienced a major high-rise boom, with the number of buildings over 100 metres (330 ft) increasing from just four in 2017 to 26 by July 2025. An additional six towers exceeding 100 metres are currently under construction. This marks the largest concentration of high-rises in any UK metropolitan area outside London. The tallest to date is the South Tower at Deansgate Square, completed in 2018 at 201 metres (659 ft), making it the tallest building in the United Kingdom outside London. (Full article...)
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  Los Angeles skyline in 2024, with Downtown Los Angeles in the background and Westwood in the foreground

  
  The Wilshire Grand Center is the tallest building in Los Angeles, California, measuring 1,100 feet (335.3 m) in height. The Wilshire Grand became the city's tallest building upon its completion 2017, and is also currently the tallest building in the state, the tallest building in the U.S. west of the Mississippi River, as well as the 15th-tallest building in the U.S. overall.
  
  The 73-story U.S. Bank Tower, which rises 1,018 feet (310 m) in Downtown Los Angeles and was completed in 1989, is now the second-tallest building in Los Angeles. (Full article...)
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  South Somerset shown within Somerset and England

  
  South Somerset is a former local government district in the English county of Somerset. The South Somerset district occupies an area of 370 square miles (958 km²), stretching from its borders with Devon and Dorset to the edge of the Somerset Levels. The district had a population of about 158,000, and Yeovil was its administrative centre.
  
  In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical or cultural significance; Grade I structures are those considered to be "buildings of exceptional interest". Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, severe restrictions are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or its fittings. In England, the authority for listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 rests with Historic England, a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport; local authorities have a responsibility to regulate and enforce the planning regulations. (Full article...)

Good articles -

These are Good articles, which meet a core set of high editorial standards.

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  View west over downtown Troy from RPI, 2009

  
  The Central Troy Historic District is an irregularly shaped, 96-acre (39 ha) area of downtown Troy, New York, United States. It has been described as "one of the most perfectly preserved 19th-century downtowns in the [country]" with nearly 700 properties in a variety of architectural styles from the early 19th to mid-20th centuries. These include most of Russell Sage College, one of two privately owned urban parks in New York, and two National Historic Landmarks. Visitors ranging from the Duke de la Rochefoucauld to Philip Johnson have praised aspects of it. Martin Scorsese used parts of downtown Troy as a stand-in for 19th-century Manhattan in The Age of Innocence.
  
  In 1986, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), superseding five smaller historic districts that had been listed on the Register in the early 1970s. (Two years later, in 1988, the extension of the previous River Street Historic District north of Federal Street was added separately to the NRHP as the Northern River Street Historic District.) In late 2014, the State Historic Preservation Board began considering an adjustment to the district's boundaries that would be a net expansion, particularly in its southeast; that increase was made official in 2016. Most of the buildings, structures and objects within the district contribute to its historic character. Two of Troy's four National Historic Landmarks, the Gurley Building and Troy Savings Bank, are located within its boundaries. Nine other buildings are listed on the Register in their own right. Among the architects represented are Alexander Jackson Davis, George B. Post, Calvert Vaux and Frederick Clarke Withers. There are many buildings designed by the regionally significant architect Marcus F. Cummings. The downtown street plan was borrowed from Philadelphia, and one neighborhood, Washington Square, was influenced by London's squares of its era. (Full article...)
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  A view from ground level of the Via della Conciliazione. Note that the dome of the Basilica is not centered, as Piacentini chose instead to centre on the obelisk, which had been moved on the orders of Sixtus V.

  
  Via della Conciliazione ("Road of the Conciliation") is a street in the Rione of Borgo within Rome, Italy. Roughly 500 metres (1,600 ft) in length, it connects Saint Peter's Square to the Castel Sant'Angelo on the western bank of the Tiber River. The road was constructed between 1936 and 1950, and it is the primary access route to the Square. In addition to shops, it is bordered by a number of historical and religious buildings – including the Palazzo Torlonia, the Palazzo dei Penitenzieri and the Palazzo dei Convertendi, and the churches of Santa Maria in Traspontina and Santo Spirito in Sassia.
  
  Despite being one of the few major thoroughfares in Rome able to cope with a high volume of traffic without congestion, it is the subject of much ire both within the Roman community and among historical scholars due to the circumstances under which it was constructed. The area around the church was rebuilt several times following the various Sacks of Rome, and again after having deteriorated due to the loss of prosperity resulting from the Papacy's relocation to Avignon during the 14th century. Through all of these reconstructions, the area in front of the short courtyard of Saint Peter's Basilica remained a maze of densely packed structures overhanging narrow side-streets and alleyways. (Full article...)
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  Walls of Dubrovnik from fortress Lovrijenac

  
  The Walls of Dubrovnik (Croatian: Dubrova?ke gradske zidine) are a series of defensive stone walls surrounding the city of Dubrovnik in southern Croatia. Ramparts were built in the outlying areas of the city, including the mountain slopes as part of a set of statues from 1272. The existing city walls were constructed mainly during the 13th–17th centuries. The walls run an uninterrupted course of approximately 1,940 metres (6,360 ft) in length, encircling most of the old city, and reach a maximum height of about 25 metres (82 ft).
  
  Refugees from destroyed towns such as Epidaurus fled to what would become the defensive settlement of Dubrovnik (also known later as Ragusa) which would become a haven of refuge with the construction of its town walls. The walls were reinforced by three circular and 14 quadrangular towers, five bastions (bulwarks), two angular fortifications and the large St. John's Fortress. Land walls were additionally reinforced by one larger bastion and nine smaller semicircular ones, like the casemate Fort Bokar, the oldest preserved fort of that kind in Europe. The moat that ran around the outside section of the city walls, which were armed by more than 120 cannons, provided superb city defense capabilities. (Full article...)
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  General view of Andrew's Descent with the Saint Andrew's Church in the background.

  
  Andriivskyi Descent or Andrew's Descent (Ukrainian: Андр??вський узв?з, romanized: Andriivs′kyi uzviz) is a historic descent connecting Kyiv's Upper Town neighborhood and the historically commercial Podil neighborhood. The street, often advertised by tour guides and operators as the "Montmartre of Kyiv", is a major tourist attraction of the city. It is included in the list of national landmarks by a government resolution. In addition, the street is also part of the Kyiv city historic reserve "Ancient Kyiv", while the St. Andrew's Church belongs to the National historic reserve "Sophia of Kyiv".
  
  The descent, 720 metres (2,360 ft) in length, is constructed of laid cobblestones and connects Old Kyiv (Upper city) with Podil (Lower city). It starts at the end of Volodymyrska Street and winds down steeply around the Zamkova Hora hill, ending near the Kontraktova Square. Andrew's Descent is marked by some historic landmarks, including the Castle of Richard the Lionheart, the 18th century baroque Saint Andrew's Church, famed Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov's house, and numerous other monuments. (Full article...)
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  108 North State Street viewed from southeast (near Washington & State) March 15, 2008
  

  

  Street map with the block depicted by black rectangle

  
  108 North State Street, often referred to as Block 37, is a shopping mall and development situated in the Loop area of downtown Chicago, Illinois. This site is defined by the square block bordered by West Randolph Street, North State Street, West Washington Street, and North Dearborn Street, originally designated as one of the city's 58 blocks. While the above-ground redevelopment has been finished, construction on an underground station was halted, leaving it only partially completed.
  
  The previous buildings on the block were demolished in 1989 for a hotly contested redevelopment plan under the then Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley. The debates included the demolition of the Chicago Landmark McCarthy Building, which proceeded after the Illinois Supreme Court decided private preservation groups did not have standing to challenge the city's decision. (Full article...)
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  The view across the entrance causeway across the ditch, with the site of the castle behind

  
  Buckton Castle was a medieval enclosure castle near Carrbrook in Stalybridge, Greater Manchester, England. It was surrounded by a 2.8-metre-wide (9 ft) stone curtain wall and a ditch 10 metres (33 ft) wide by 6 metres (20 ft) deep. Buckton is one of the earliest stone castles in North West England and only survives as buried remains overgrown with heather and peat. It was most likely built and demolished in the 12th century. The earliest surviving record of the site dates from 1360, by which time it was lying derelict. The few finds retrieved during archaeological investigations indicate that Buckton Castle may not have been completed.
  
  In the 16th century, the site may have been used as a beacon for the Pilgrimage of Grace. During the 18th century, the castle was of interest to treasure hunters following rumours that gold and silver had been discovered at Buckton. The site was used as an anti-aircraft decoy site during the Second World War. Between 1996 and 2010, Buckton Castle was investigated by archaeologists as part of the Tameside Archaeology Survey, first by the University of Manchester Archaeological Unit then the University of Salford's Centre for Applied Archaeology. The project involved community archaeology, and more than 60 volunteers took part. The castle, close to the Buckton Vale Quarry, is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. (Full article...)
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  The Millennium Stadium (Welsh: Stadiwm y Mileniwm), known since 2016 as the Principality Stadium (Welsh: Stadiwm Principality) for sponsorship reasons, is the national stadium of Wales. Located in Cardiff, it has a retractable roof and is the home of the Wales national rugby union team; it has also held Wales national football team games. Initially built to host the 1999 Rugby World Cup and replacing the National Stadium, it has gone on to host many other large-scale events, such as the Tsunami Relief Cardiff concert, the Super Special Stage of Wales Rally Great Britain, the Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain and various concerts. It also hosted FA Cup, League Cup and Football League play-off finals while Wembley Stadium was being redeveloped between 2001 and 2006, as well as football matches during the 2012 Summer Olympics.
  
  The stadium is owned by Millennium Stadium plc, a subsidiary company of the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU). The architects were Bligh Lobb Sports Architecture. The structural engineers were WS Atkins and the building contractor was Laing. The total construction cost of the stadium was ￡121 million, of which the Millennium Commission funded ￡46 million. (Full article...)
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  Churche's Mansion in 2007
  

  
  (Full article...)
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  Queen's Pier at night, 2006

  
  Queen's Pier, named after Queen Victoria, was a public pier in front of City Hall in Edinburgh Place, Central, Hong Kong. For three generations it served not only as a public pier in day-to-day use but also as a major ceremonial arrival and departure point. The pier witnessed the official arrival in Hong Kong of all of Hong Kong's governors since 1925; Elizabeth II landed there in 1975, as did the Prince and Princess of Wales in 1989.
  
  The second and final pier structure, built along the newly reclaimed waterfront, was designed in a modern utilitarian style and was opened by Maurine Grantham, wife of Governor Alexander Grantham, in June 1954. (Full article...)
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  Rowhouses on Hall Place, 2010

  
  The Arbor Hill Historic District–Ten Broeck Triangle, originally the Ten Broeck Historic District, is a seven-block area located within the Arbor Hill neighborhood north of what is today downtown Albany, New York, United States. In 1979 its easternmost third, the Ten Broeck Triangle, the second oldest residential neighborhood in the city, was recognized as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Four years later, the district was increased to its current size and renamed to reflect its expansion to include some of the rest of Arbor Hill.
  
  The future district was first established by its oldest contributing property, the Ten Broeck Mansion, built at the end of the 18th century by a prominent local family. It lent its name to the Ten Broeck Triangle, established in the middle of the following century when successful businessmen, primarily lumber dealers, built large houses along Ten Broeck Avenue with the fortunes they had made from trade on the Erie Canal. It was one of the first neighborhoods to develop north of the city's downtown as it grew during the 19th century. (Full article...)
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  Golubac Fortress

  
  The Golubac Fortress (Serbian: Голубачки град or Goluba?ki grad) was a medieval fortified town on the south side of the Danube River, 4 km (2.5 mi) downstream from the modern-day town of Golubac, Serbia. According to recent discoveries, the fortress, which was built during the 14th century by Medieval Serbian state, is split into three compounds which were built in stages. It has ten towers, most of which started square, and several of which received many-sided reinforcements with the advent of firearms. Towers were not connected for easier defense. Serbian Medieval frescos were recently found inside the fortress.
  
  Golubac Fortress has had a tumultuous history. Prior to its construction it was the site of a Roman settlement. During the Middle Ages, it became the object of many battles, especially between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary. It changed hands repeatedly, passing between Turks, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Serbs, and Austrians, until 1867, when it was turned over to the Serbian Knez, Mihailo Obrenovi? III. In the 21st century it is a popular tourist attraction in the region and a sightseeing point on Danube boat tours. (Full article...)
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  Dunstaffnage Castle seen from the east, with the gatehouse in the centre

  
  Dunstaffnage Castle (Scottish Gaelic: Caisteal Dhùn Stadhainis) is a partially ruined castle in Argyll and Bute, western Scotland. It lies 3 miles (5 km) NNE of Oban, situated on a platform of conglomerate rock on a promontory at the south-west of the entrance to Loch Etive, and is surrounded on three sides by the sea. The castle and the nearby chapel ruin have been a Historic Scotland property since 1958. Both are Scheduled Ancient Monuments.
  
  The castle dates back to the 13th century, making it one of Scotland's oldest stone castles, in a local group which includes Castle Sween and Castle Tioram. Guarding a strategic location, it was built by the MacDougall lords of Lorn, and has been held since the 15th century by the Clan Campbell. To this day there is a hereditary Captain of Dunstaffnage, although they no longer reside at the castle. Dunstaffnage is maintained by Historic Environment Scotland, and is open to the public, although the 16th-century gatehouse is retained as the private property of the Captain. The prefix dun in the name means "fort" in Gaelic, while the rest of the name derives from Norse stafr-nis, "headland of the staff". (Full article...)
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  5th Avenue Theatre marquee, Holiday 2016

  
  The 5th Avenue Theatre is a landmark theatre located in the Skinner Building, in the downtown core of Seattle, Washington, United States. It has hosted a variety of theatre productions and motion pictures since it opened in 1926. The building and land are owned by the University of Washington and were once part of the original campus. The theatre operates as a venue for nationally touring Broadway and original shows by the non-profit 5th Avenue Theatre Association.
  
  The 2,130-seat theatre is the resident home to the 5th Avenue Musical Theatre Company, and employs over 600 actors, musicians, directors, choreographers, designers, technicians, stage hands, box office staff, and administrators, making it the largest theatre employer in the Puget Sound region. A non-profit, the theatre company is supported by individual and corporate donations, government sources, and box office ticket sales. (Full article...)
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  The keep and inner gatehouse, 2007

  
  Longtown Castle, also termed Ewias Lacey Castle in early accounts, is a ruined Norman motte-and-bailey fortification in Longtown, Herefordshire. It was established in the 11th century by Walter de Lacy, reusing former Roman earthworks. The castle was then rebuilt in stone by Gilbert de Lacy after 1148, who also established the adjacent town to help pay for the work. By the 14th century, Longtown Castle had fallen into decline. Despite being pressed back into use during the Owain Glynd?r rising in 1403, it fell into ruin. In the 21st century the castle is maintained by English Heritage and operated as a tourist attraction. (Full article...)
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  The Sunol Water Temple is located at 505 Paloma Way in Sunol, California. Designed by Willis Polk, the 59-foot (18 m) high classical pavilion is made up of twelve concrete Corinthian columns and a concrete ring girder that supports the conical wood and tile roof. Inside the temple, water originally from the Pleasanton well fields and Arroyo de la Laguna flowed into a white tiled cistern before plunging into a deeper water channel carrying water from the filter galleries to the Niles Aqueduct in Niles Canyon and across San Francisco Bay near the Dumbarton Bridge. The ceiling of the temple has panels with paintings by Yun Gee and other artists depicting a Native American maiden carrying water vessels, and women in classical poses. The temple is open to the public Monday to Friday, 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. (Full article...)

General images –

The following are images from various architecture-related articles on Wikipedia.

• 
  Church of Our Saviour, Copenhagen (1682–1747) (from Baroque architecture)
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  St. George's Cathedral, Timi?oara by Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach (from Baroque architecture)
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  Stockholm City Hall, 1923 (Ragnar ?stberg) (from Traditionalist School (architecture))
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  Fa?ade of Santa Susanna, Rome by Carlo Maderno (1603) (from Baroque architecture)
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  S?dra ?ngby, 1938 (from Functionalism (architecture))
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  Stourhead in Wiltshire, England, designed by Henry Hoare (1705–1785) (from Architecture)
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  Chapel of the Holy Shroud, Turin (from Baroque architecture)
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  Corpus Christi Church, Grand Duchy of Lithuania (today Nyasvizh, Belarus), 1586 and 1593 (from Baroque architecture)
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  Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam, 1935 (Ad van der Steur) (from Traditionalist School (architecture))
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  Sebil of Abdülhamid I, Istanbul (circa 1780) (from Baroque architecture)
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  Brandevoort housing estate in Helmond, 2005 (Rob Krier) (from Traditionalist School (architecture))
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  Wilanów Palace, Warsaw (1677–1696) (from Baroque architecture)
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  Interior view of dome of the Church of the Gesù by Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, and Giacomo della Porta (from Baroque architecture)
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  Interior of the Basilica and Convent of Nossa Senhora do Carmo, Recife, Brazil, built between 1665 and 1767 (from Baroque architecture)
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  In Norway: wood and elevated-level (from Architecture)
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  Church of Santa Engrácia, Lisbon (now National Pantheon of Portugal; begun 1681) (from Baroque architecture)
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  Saints Peter and Paul Church, Kraków, Poland by Giovanni Maria Bernardoni (1605–1619) (from Baroque architecture)
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  The dome of Les Invalides, Paris (from Baroque architecture)
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  The National Congress of Brazil, designed by Oscar Niemeyer (from Architecture)
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  In Ireland: Yola hut (from Architecture)
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  Greenwich Hospital by Sir Christopher Wren (1694) (from Baroque architecture)
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  Plan of the second floor (attic storey) of the H?tel de Brionne in Paris – 1734. (from Architecture)
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  The Luxembourg Palace by Salomon de Brosse (1615–1624) (from Baroque architecture)
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  St Andrew's Church, Kyiv (from Baroque architecture)
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  Obchodny a obytny dom Luxor (Residential and Commercial House Luxor), 1937, in Bratislava (Slovakia) (from Functionalism (architecture))
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  Upper Belvedere Palace in Vienna (1721–23) (from Baroque architecture)
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  In Lesotho: rondavel stones (from Architecture)
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  The tower of the Helsinki Olympic Stadium (Y. Lindegren & T. J?ntti, built in 1934–38) (from Functionalism (architecture))
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  Znamenskaya Church (Dubrovitsy) 1690-1698 Podolsk, Moscow (from Baroque architecture)
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  In adding the dome to the Florence Cathedral (Italy) in the early 15th century, the architect Filippo Brunelleschi not only transformed the building and the city, but also the role and status of the architect. (from Architecture)
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  The Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral built from 1573 to 1813. (from Baroque architecture)
• 
  Royal Palace of Amsterdam by Jacob van Campen (1665) (from Baroque architecture)
• 
  Body plan of a ship showing the hull form (from Architecture)
• 
  Bauhaus building (Germany). The Bauhaus style co-started modernist architecture. (from Architecture)
• 
  Troja Palace, Prague (1679–1691) (from Baroque architecture)
• 
  Typical railing, flat roof, stucco and colour detail in Nordic funkis (SOK warehouse and offices, 1938, Finland) (from Functionalism (architecture))
• 
  Zlín in the Czech Republic (from Functionalism (architecture))
• 
  Basilica of Bom Jesus, Goa, India, completed in 1604 AD. It holds the body of St. Francis Xavier. (from Baroque architecture)
• 
  The Church of St-Gervais-et-St-Protais, the first Paris church with a fa?ade in the new Baroque style (1616–20) (from Baroque architecture)
• 
  Fa?ade of the Church of the Gesù Rome (consecrated 1584) (from Baroque architecture)
• 
  The Zwinger in Dresden by Matth?us Daniel P?ppelmann (1697–1716), reconstructed in the 1950s and 1960s, after the damage of World War II. (from Baroque architecture)
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  Beurs van Berlage in Amsterdam, 1903 (Hendrik Petrus Berlage) (from Traditionalist School (architecture))
• 
  Helsinki Central Station, 1919 (Eliel Saarinen) (from Traditionalist School (architecture))
• 
  Charles Rennie Mackintosh – Music Room 1901 (from Architecture)

Did you know (auto-generated) -

• ... that Lynda Simmons co-founded Architecture + Women NZ with Sarah Treadwell, Julie Wilson and Megan Rule to push for equity in New Zealand architecture?
• ... that architect Arthur Loveless was a collector of Chinese snuff bottles?
• ... that when the Bowery Savings Bank Building opened in 1895, "the bank as a work of architecture went from the merely big to the colossal"?
• ... that architect Ivan Palmaw designed houses in Shanghai and Seattle after fleeing the Russian Revolution?
• ... that the Seth Peterson Cottage was said to have "more architecture per square foot" than any of Frank Lloyd Wright's other designs?
• ... that Cambodian architect Vann Molyvann declined a request from Lee Kuan Yew to help design Singapore?

Related portals

Featured pictures -

These are Featured pictures, chosen as some of the finest images on Wikipedia.

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• 
  Alatskivi Castle, Estonia (from Portal:Architecture/Castle images)
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  Ksiaz, Silesia, Poland (from Portal:Architecture/Castle images)
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  The Tulip Stair from the Queen's House, Greenwich (from Portal:Architecture/Palace images)
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  Battenberg Mausoleum, Sofia (from Portal:Architecture/Monument images)
• 
  Panoramic view of Milwaukee 1890-1900 (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  Larabanga Mosque, Ghana (from Portal:Architecture/Religious building images)
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  Chateau de Chambord, by Benh Lieu Song (from Portal:Architecture/Castle images)
• 
  Quays Waterford, Ireland (c.1890-1900) (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
• 
  Moscow State University (from Portal:Architecture/Academia images)
• 
  Grand Central Terminal, New York, NY (from Portal:Architecture/Travel images)
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  Stockwell Bus Garage, London (from Portal:Architecture/Travel images)
• 
  Vyborg Castle (from Portal:Architecture/Castle images)
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  Taj Mahal, India (from Portal:Architecture/Monument images)
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  Aqueduct of Segovia (from Portal:Architecture/Industrial images)
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  Skyline of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  British Museum (from Portal:Architecture/Museum images)
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  Beirut, Lebanon, last third of the 19th century (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  Singel (c. 1895) in Amsterdam, Netherlands (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  Amsterdam Centraal railway station (c. 1895) in Amsterdam, Netherlands (from Portal:Architecture/Travel images)
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  Canberra, Australia (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  London King's Cross railway station departures concourse (from Portal:Architecture/Travel images)
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  Bronx Community College Library, by Detroit Publishing Company (from Portal:Architecture/Academia images)
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  Grand Central Terminal, New York, NY (from Portal:Architecture/Travel images)
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  New York panorama (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  Centennial Hall, Poland (from Portal:Architecture/Monument images)
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  The research room at the New York Public Library (from Portal:Architecture/Academia images)
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  St. Patrick's Street, Cork, Ireland (c.1890-1900) (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  De Zoeker windmill, Netherlands. (from Portal:Architecture/Industrial images)
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  John F. Kennedy Library, Boston (from Portal:Architecture/Academia images)
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  Pitstone-windmill (from Portal:Architecture/Industrial images)
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  The State Library of Victoria's La Trobe Reading Room, Melbourne, Australia (from Portal:Architecture/Academia images)
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  The castle of Maintenon. France (from Portal:Architecture/Castle images)
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  Menier Chocolate factory in Noisiel (from Portal:Architecture/Industrial images)
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  Curve, Leicester, UK (from Portal:Architecture/Theatres and Concert hall images)
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  Library of Celsus, by Benh Lieu Song (from Portal:Architecture/Ancient images)
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  Arc de Triomphe, Paris (from Portal:Architecture/Monument images)
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  British Columbia Parliament Buildings, Victoria, Canada (from Portal:Architecture/Civic building images)
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  Flinders Street Station (1927), by Victoria State Transport Authority (from Portal:Architecture/Travel images)
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  Montreal City Hall (from Portal:Architecture/Civic building images)
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  Würzburg Residenz (from Portal:Architecture/Palace images)
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  Castle Neuschwanstein, Germany (from Portal:Architecture/Castle images)
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  Radcliffe Camera, Oxford, England (from Portal:Architecture/Academia images)
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  Saint Isaac's Square, Saint Petersburg, Russia (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  Albert Memorial, London (from Portal:Architecture/Monument images)
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  Aqueduct of Segovia, Spain (from Portal:Architecture/Ancient images)
• 
  Waldorf Astoria New York by Joseph Pennell (1860–1926) (from Portal:Architecture/Travel images)
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  Sparrenburg Castle, Bielefeld, Germany (from Portal:Architecture/Castle images)
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  Windsor Castle, by Diliff (from Portal:Architecture/Castle images)
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  Lichtenstein Castle (from Portal:Architecture/Castle images)
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  Mespelbrunn Castle, Germany (from Portal:Architecture/Castle images)
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  Toda tribe hut, India (from Portal:Architecture/Ancient images)
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  Library of Congress, Washington DC (from Portal:Architecture/Academia images)
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  Shaftesbury Avenue from Piccadilly Circus, London. (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  Taagepera Castle, by Ivar Leidus (from Portal:Architecture/Castle images)
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  Roman Baths in Bath, Somerset, England (from Portal:Architecture/Ancient images)
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  Tartini Square in Piran, Slovenia (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  Prinsengracht (2006) in Amsterdam (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  Hotel Astoria (Saint Petersburg) (from Portal:Architecture/Travel images)
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  Treasury of the Athenians at Delphi, Greece (from Portal:Architecture/Ancient images)
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  Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía, Valencia, Spain. by Diliff (from Portal:Architecture/Theatres and Concert hall images)
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  InterContinental Amstel Amsterdam (2009) in Amsterdam, Netherlands (from Portal:Architecture/Travel images)
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  Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore (from Portal:Architecture/Academia images)
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  Bodie, California, Ghost town (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  The UC Berkeley Campanile (from Portal:Architecture/Academia images)
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  Milwaukee Art Museum (from Portal:Architecture/Museum images)
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  Cleveland Tower at Princeton University (from Portal:Architecture/Academia images)
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  Grauman's Chinese Theatre, by Carol M. Highsmith (edited by Diliff) (from Portal:Architecture/Theatres and Concert hall images)
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  Matsumoto Castle, by 663highland (from Portal:Architecture/Castle images)
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  Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington DC (from Portal:Architecture/Academia images)
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  Sydney Opera House, Australia (from Portal:Architecture/Theatres and Concert hall images)
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  Egeskov Castle, Denmark (from Portal:Architecture/Castle images)
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  Panorama of St. Louis, Missouri (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  Geodesic Radomes at Radome by Preston Keres, United States Navy (from Portal:Architecture/Industrial images)
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  Dunrobin Castle, Sutherland, Scotland (from Portal:Architecture/Castle images)
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  Chicago Theatre (from Portal:Architecture/Theatres and Concert hall images)
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  Chateau de Chambord (from Portal:Architecture/Palace images)
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  Library of Congress Main Reading Room, Washington DC (from Portal:Architecture/Academia images)
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  Eilean Donan Castle, Scotland, by Diliff (from Portal:Architecture/Castle images)
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  Keizersgracht (2008) in Amsterdam (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  Royal Avenue, Belfast, Ireland (c.1890-1900) (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  Melbourne, Australia from Waterfront City, Docklands (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  La Défense (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  Chicago skyline (from Portal:Architecture/Townscape images)
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  Schloss Vaduz at Vaduz, by Michael Gredenberg (from Portal:Architecture/Castle images)
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  Ivan Vazov National Theatre in Sofia, Bulgaria (from Portal:Architecture/Theatres and Concert hall images)
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  L'Hemisfèric — Imax Cinema, Planetarium and Laserium at the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències by Diliff (from Portal:Architecture/Theatres and Concert hall images)
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  The New York Public Library (from Portal:Architecture/Academia images)
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  Mesoamerican step-pyramid nicknamed El Castillo at Chichen Itza (from Portal:Architecture/Ancient images)
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  Eiffel Tower, Paris (from Portal:Architecture/Monument images)
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  Gyeonghoeru Pavilion at Gyeongbokgung (from Portal:Architecture/Palace images)
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  Competition design for the Montana State Capitol by George R. Mann 1896 (from Portal:Architecture/Civic building images)
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  Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, Paris (from Portal:Architecture/Academia images)

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