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Project Nimbus (Hebrew: ?????? ??????) is a cloud computing project of the Israeli government and its military.[1][2][3][4]
Overview
The Israeli Finance Ministry announced in April 2021 that the contract is to provide "the government, the defense establishment, and others with an all-encompassing cloud solution."[1] Through a $1.2 billion contract, technology companies Google (Google Cloud Platform) and Amazon (Amazon Web Services) were selected to provide Israeli government agencies with cloud computing services, including artificial intelligence and machine learning.[5][1] Under the contract, the companies will establish local cloud sites that will "keep information within Israel's borders under strict security guidelines."[4] According to a Google spokesperson, the contract is for workloads related to "finance, healthcare, transportation, and education" and does not deal with highly sensitive or classified information.[6] Moreover, the tech companies are contractually forbidden from denying service to any particular entities of the Israeli government.[7]
Although Project Nimbus' specific mission has not yet been revealed, Google Cloud Platform's AI tools could give the Israeli military and security services the capability for facial detection, automated image categorization, object tracking & sentiment analysis – tools that have previously been used by U.S. Customs and Border Protection for border surveillance.[1]
Project Nimbus has four planned phases: the first is purchasing and constructing the cloud infrastructure, the second is crafting government policy for moving operations onto the cloud, the third is moving operations to the cloud, and the fourth is implementing and optimizing cloud operations.[8]
The terms Israel set for the project contractually forbid Amazon and Google from halting services due to boycott pressure.[9][7] A Google spokesperson said that all Google Cloud customers must abide by its terms of service which prohibit customers from using its services to violate people's legal rights or engage in violence,[6] but internal documents from both Google and the Israeli government contradict this claim.[10]
Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Circa 2022, the contract drew rebuke and condemnation from the companies' shareholders as well as their employees, over concerns that the project would lead to further abuses of Palestinians' human rights in the context of the ongoing occupation and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.[11][12][13][14] Specifically, they voice concern over how the technology will enable further surveillance of Palestinians and unlawful data collection on them as well as facilitate the expansion of Israel's illegal settlements on Palestinian land.[13]
Ariel Koren, who had worked as a marketing manager for Google's educational products and was an outspoken opponent of the project, was given the ultimatum of moving to S?o Paulo within 17 days or losing her job.[5][15] In a letter announcing her resignation to her colleagues, Koren wrote that Google "systematically silences Palestinian, Jewish, Arab and Muslim voices concerned about Google's complicity in violations of Palestinian human rights—to the point of formally retaliating against workers and creating an environment of fear," reflecting her view that the ultimatum came in retaliation for her opposition to and organization against the project.[5] She filed retaliation complaints with Google's human resources department and the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), which dismissed her case based on lack of evidence.[5]
In 2022, Jewish Voice for Peace and MPower Change launched a campaign called No Tech For Apartheid – also known as #NoTechForApartheid – opposing the project.[16][17] More than 200 Google workers joined a protest group named after this campaign, who argue that the relative lack of oversight for the project mean it will likely be used for violent purposes.[6]
In March 2024, a Google Cloud software engineer was fired after a video of them shouting "I refuse to build technology that empowers genocide," in reference to Project Nimbus, at a company event went viral.[18] In April, dozens of employees participated in sit-ins at Google's New York & Sunnyvale Headquarters to protest against Google supplying cloud computing software to the Israeli government. Employees occupied the office of Google Cloud chief executive Thomas Kurian. Nine employees were charged with trespassing and 28 were fired.[19] Further terminations brought the total of related staff cuts to 50.[20]
In April, former Google employees fired for protesting with #NoTechForApartheid, citing an article in +972 Magazine,[21] expressed concerns over Israel's current use of AI-assisted targeting in the Gaza Strip: a program named “The Gospel” categorizes buildings as military bases, while programs called “Lavender” and “Where’s Daddy” identify and falsely classify Palestinian civilians as 'terrorists' and track their movements for target selection.[22]
In December 2024, a New York Times article reported that Google lawyers were worried that "Google Cloud services could be used for, or linked to, the facilitation of human rights violations, including Israeli activity in the West Bank." at least as early as four months before the Nimbus contract was signed.[23]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Biddle, Sam (July 24, 2022). "Documents Reveal Advanced AI Tools Google Is Selling to Israel". The Intercept. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
- ^ Ziv, Amitai. "Israel Picks Google, Amazon for Massive Official Cloud; 'Data Will Remain Here'". Haaretz. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
- ^ Ziv, Amitai. "Microsoft to Launch Much Awaited Cloud Server Farm in Israel in 2021". Haaretz. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
- ^ a b Scheer, Steven (April 21, 2021). "Israel picks Amazon's AWS, Google for flagship cloud project". Reuters. Retrieved August 31, 2022.
- ^ a b c d Grant, Nico (August 30, 2022). "Google Employee Who Played Key Role in Protest of Contract With Israel Quits". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
- ^ a b c Perrigo, Billy (April 8, 2024). "Exclusive: Google Workers Revolt Over $1.2 Billion Israel Contract". TIME. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
- ^ a b Swinhoe, Dan (May 25, 2021). "Israel Government says AWS and Google can't boycott Nimbus Project". www.datacenterdynamics.com. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
- ^ Stub, Zev (May 25, 2021). "Amazon, Google to employ thousands in Israel for massive Nimbus project". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved August 31, 2022.
- ^ Chua, Charmaine; Alimahomed-Wilson, Jake; Potiker, Spencer Louis (June 22, 2021). "Amazon's Investments in Israel Reveal Complicity in Settlements and Military Operations". ISSN 0027-8378. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
- ^ Biddle, Sam (December 3, 2024). "Documents Contradict Google's Claims About Its Project Nimbus Contract With Israel". The Intercept. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- ^ Biddle, Sam (May 18, 2022). "Google and Amazon Face Shareholder Revolt Over Israeli Defense Work". The Intercept. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
- ^ "Google, Amazon shareholders to oppose Israeli Project Nimbus". The New Arab. May 19, 2022. Retrieved August 31, 2022.
- ^ a b Anonymous (October 12, 2021). "We are Google and Amazon workers. We condemn Project Nimbus". The Guardian. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
- ^ ""No Tech for Apartheid": Google Workers Push for Cancellation of Secretive $1.2B Project with Israel". Democracy Now!. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
- ^ "A worker objected to Google's Israel military contract. Google told her to move to Brazil". Los Angeles Times. March 15, 2022. Retrieved August 31, 2022.
- ^ Starr, Michael (August 31, 2022). "Jewish Google employee quits citing retaliation over BDS efforts". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
- ^ Abdelnour, Samer (February 2023). "Making a Killing: Israel's Military-Innovation Ecosystem and the Globalization of Violence". Organization Studies. 44 (2): 333–337. doi:10.1177/01708406221131938. hdl:20.500.11820/952bd5ef-b740-4430-a3a8-06187e97bffb. ISSN 0170-8406.
- ^ "Google fires employee after pro-Palestine protest at Israeli tech conference in NYC". Middle East Eye. March 8, 2024. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
- ^ Grant, Nico (April 18, 2024). "Google Fires 28 Employees Who Protested an Israeli Cloud Contract". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 18, 2024. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
- ^ Thorbecke, Catherine (April 23, 2024). "Google has fired 50 employees after protests over Israel cloud deal, organizers say". CNN. Retrieved February 16, 2025.
- ^ Iraqi, Amjad (April 3, 2024). "'Lavender': The AI machine directing Israel's bombing spree in Gaza". +972 Magazine. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- ^ Khatami, Mohammad; Montes, Zelda; Sim, and Kate (April 29, 2024). "Google Fired Us for Protesting Its Complicity in the War on Gaza. But We Won't Be Silenced". ISSN 0027-8378. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- ^ Grant, Nico (December 3, 2024). "Google Worried Israeli Contract Could Enable Human Rights Violations". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 3, 2024. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
