【论兵】叙利亚局势剑拔弩张 俄美要“撕破脸”？
Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture
涼山州 | |
|---|---|
| Name transcription(s) | |
| ? Chinese | 凉山彝族自治州 涼山彞族自治州 (Liángshān Yízú Zìzhìzhōu) |
| ? Yi | ????????? (niep sha nuo su zyt jie jux dde zho) |
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 Location of Liangshan Prefecture in Sichuan | |
| Coordinates (Liangshan Prefecture government): 27°53′N 102°16′E / 27.88°N 102.27°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Sichuan |
| Prefecture seat | Xichang |
| Area | |
? Total | 60,261 km2 (23,267 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
? Total | 4,858,359 |
| ? Density | 81/km2 (210/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| ? Total | CN￥ 131.5 billion US$ 21.1 billion |
| ? Per capita | CN￥ 28,276 US$ 4,540 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SC-34 |
| Website | www |
| Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 凉山彝族自治州 | ||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 涼山彞族自治州 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Abbreviation | |||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 凉山州 | ||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 涼山州 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Yi name | |||||||
| Yi | ????????? niep sha nuo su zyt jie jux dde zho | ||||||
Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture[a] (Northern Yi: /n????a?/) is an autonomous prefecture occupying much of the southern extremity of Sichuan province, People's Republic of China. Its seat is Xichang. Liangshan covers an area of 60,261 km2 (23,267 sq mi) and has over 4.8 million inhabitants as of 2020.[1] It has the largest population of ethnic Yi (or Nosu) among China's prefectures. Liangshan contains a number of isolated villages high up on its cliffs, often known as "cliff villages".[3]
Xichang has the Xichang Qingshan Airport and the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. The prefecture also features a substantial network of railways for both passengers and freight.
Governance
[edit]Liangshan Prefecture Public Security Bureau
[edit]The Liangshan Prefecture Public Security Bureau (Chinese: 凉山州公安局) is the primary law enforcement agency of Liangshan. It contains an economic crime investigation unit, a patrol unit, a narcotics unit an immigration unit, a cyber-crime unit, a traffic police unit, a SWAT unit and a forestry unit.[4] As of 14 December 2023, 19 of the 30 people on the Liangshan Prefecture Public Security Bureau's most wanted list had been arrested.[5]
In 2023, the Liangshan Prefecture PSB solved 4025 cases, the highest in all of Sichuan.[6]
Line of duty deaths
[edit]Between 2004 and 2025, 30 officers of the Liangshan Prefecture PSB (including child agencies) have died in the line of duty,[6][7] of which between 2013 and 2023 10 of which were from the narcotics unit (along with narcotics units of child agencies) or in narcotics related incidents.[7][8]
Liangshan Prefecture Fire and Rescue Department
[edit]The Liangshan Prefecture Fire and Rescue Department (凉山州消防救援支队) is in charge of firefighting and disaster relief within the prefecture. In 2025, the agency had a budget of 37 million Renminbi and operated 56 firefighting vehicles.[9] Prior to October 10, 2018 it was known as the China Fire Services Liangshan Fire Department (凉山州公安消防支队).[10]
Liangshan Prefecture Forest Fire Department
[edit]The Liangshan Prefecture Forest Fire Department (凉山州森林消防支队) is a wildfire suppression agency of Liangshan. Prior to October 10, 2018 it was known as the People's Armed Police Forestry Corps Liangshan Detachment.[11][10]
History
[edit]The Xichang Forest Fire Battalion of the Liangshan Forest Fire Department has put out a total of 200 wildfires since 2021.[11]
Line of duty deaths
[edit]During the 2019 Muli wildfires, 27 firefighters of the Liangshan Prefecture Forest Fire Department died while putting out the fire.[11][12]
People's Armed Police Liangshan Detachment
[edit]The People's Armed Police Liangshan Detachment (凉山武警支队) is in charge of paramilitary law enforcement and disaster relief duties. It contains a special operations unit for counter-terrorism operations.[13][14]
History
[edit]On October 20, 2014, the People's Armed Police Liangshan Detachment's Meigu County rescued 4 people during a rockslide.[15][16]
In 2015, the People's Armed Police Liangshan Detachment rescued 8 people during a traffic accident.[15]
In 2017, the People's Armed Police Liangshan Detachment rescued 4 people during fires.[15]
On April 2, 2020, the People's Armed Police Liangshan Detachment deployed 300 soldiers to assist in fighting wildfires.[13]
The People's Armed Police Liangshan Detachment deployed 165 soldiers during the June 26, 2020 Mianning Floods to assist with disaster relief efforts.[17][15]
Equipment
[edit]- QBZ-95 - Used by special operations unit[14]
- QSZ-92 - Used by special operations unit[14]
- Crossbow[15]
Terrain and climate
[edit]The Anning River, which runs into the Jinsha River (Yangtze River headwaters), is the main river in the area.
Owing to its low latitude and high elevation, Liangshan has a mild climate. Under the K?ppen system, the prefecture belongs to the humid subtropical zone (K?ppen Cwa). Winters feature mild days and cool nights, while summers are very warm and humid. Monthly daily mean temperatures range from 9.6 °C (49.3 °F) in January to 22.3 °C (72.1 °F) in July. Unlike much of the province, which lies in the Sichuan Basin, humidity levels in winter are rather low, but like the rest of the province, rainfall is concentrated in the months of June through September, and the prefecture is virtually rainless in winter.
Cliff villages
[edit]Due to the mountainous terrain, many villages that lie among the mountain cliffs of Liangshan Yi are isolated from the rest of Sichuan. They are called cliff villages as they tend to be isolated and lie at vertical heights of about 800 m (2,600 ft).[18] Access to these cliff villages tends to be through vines of trees along the cliffs and steep ladders made of ropes. In 2016, the state run The Beijing News reported one such village called Atulie'er where children climbed up a rope ladder for two hours to reach their home from school, often leading to falls and deaths.[19] In light of this, the local government constructed a special steel ladder (dubbed "Stairway to heaven") in November 2016 for people to climb up and down in a safer manner.[20]
Subdivisions
[edit]Liangshan directly controls two county-level cities, 14 counties, and 1 autonomous county.
| Map | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Yi | Yi Pinyin | Population (2010 Census) |
Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| Xichang City | 西昌市 | Xīchāng Shì | ??? | Op Rro Shyp | 712,434 | 2,655 | 268.33 |
| Yanyuan County | 盐源县 | Yányuán Xiàn | ??? | Ce Mo Xiep | 350,176 | 8,388 | 41.74 |
| Dechang County | 德昌县 | Déchāng Xiàn | ??? | Dep Cha Xiep | 214,405 | 2,284 | 93.87 |
| Huili City | 会理市 | Huìlǐ Shì | ??? | Nyi Ddix Shyp | 430,066 | 4,527 | 95.00 |
| Huidong County | 会东县 | Huìdōng Xiàn | ??? | Hop Do Xiep | 362,944 | 3,227 | 112.47 |
| Ningnan County | 宁南县 | Níngnán Xiàn | ??? | Nip Nap Xiep | 170,673 | 1,667 | 102.38 |
| Puge County | 普格县 | Pǔgé Xiàn | ??? | Pu Jjyt Xiep | 155,740 | 1,905 | 81.75 |
| Butuo County | 布拖县 | Bùtuō Xiàn | ??? | Bux Te Xiep | 160,151 | 1,685 | 95.04 |
| Jinyang County | 金阳县 | Jīnyáng Xiàn | ??? | Shyx lo Xiep | 165,121 | 1,587 | 104.04 |
| Zhaojue County | 昭觉县 | Zhāojué Xiàn | ??? | Juo Jjop Xiep | 251,836 | 2,699 | 93.30 |
| Xide County | 喜德县 | Xǐdé Xiàn | ??? | Xit Ddop Xiep | 165,906 | 2,206 | 75.20 |
| Mianning County | 冕宁县 | Miǎnníng Xiàn | ??? | Rruo Nuo Xiep | 351,245 | 4,423 | 79.41 |
| Yuexi County | 越西县 | Yuèxī Xiàn | ??? | Vyt Tuo Xiep | 269,896 | 2,257 | 119.58 |
| Ganluo County | 甘洛县 | Gānluò Xiàn | ??? | Ga Lo Xiep | 195,100 | 2,156 | 90.49 |
| Meigu County | 美姑县 | Měigū Xiàn | ??? | Mo Ggu Xiep | 221,505 | 2,573 | 86.08 |
| Leibo County | 雷波县 | Léibō Xiàn | ??? | Mop Bbo Xiep | 223,885 | 2,932 | 76.35 |
| Muli Tibetan Autonomous County | 木里藏族自治县 | Mùlǐ Zàngzú Zìzhìxiàn |
????????? | Mup Li Op Zzup
Zyt Jie Jux Dde Xiep |
131,726 | 13,252 | 9.94 |
Ethnic groups in Liangshan, 2010 census
[edit]| Nationality | Population | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Yi | 2,226,755 | 49.13% |
| Han | 2,155,357 | 47.55% |
| Tibetan | 60,679 (2000) | 1.49% (2000) |
| Mosuo and Mongol | 27,277 (2000) | 0.67% (2000) |
| Hui | 18,385 (2000) | 0.45% (2000) |
| Miao | 11,912 (2000) | 0.29% |
| Lisu | 9,121 (2000) | 0.22% (2000) |
| Buyei | 5,459 (2000) | 0.13% (2000) |
| Nakhi | 5,199 (2000) | 0.13% (2000) |
| Others | 8,751 | 0.22% |
National Priority Protected Sites
[edit]Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture contains 4 National Priority Protected Sites
- Dayangdui Site, added in 2006 as part of the 6th Batch of National Priority Protected Sites[21]
- Liangshan Dashi tombs, added in 2006 as part of the 6th Batch of National Priority Protected Sites[21]
- Boshen Wahei Stone Carvings, added in 2006 as part of the 6th Batch of National Priority Protected Sites[21]
- Tea Horse Road, added in 2013 as part of the 7th Batch of National Priority Protected Sites[24]
See also
[edit]- Asteroid 121001 Liangshanxichang
Notes
[edit]- ^
- simplified Chinese: 凉山彝族自治州; traditional Chinese: 涼山彞族自治州; pinyin: Liángshān Yízú Zìzhìzhōu
- Yi: ?????????, niep sha nuo su zyt jie jux dde zho
References
[edit]- ^ a b "四川省第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号）" [Seventh National Census of the Sichuan Province (bulletin No. 2)]. Sichuan Statistics Bureau. 2025-08-14. Archived from the original on 24 Aug 2021.
- ^ 四川省统计局、国家统计局四川调查总队 (September 2016). 《四川统计年鉴－2016》. China Statistics Press. ISBN 978-7-5037-7871-1.
- ^ Chi, Ma (25 May 2016). "Kids climb vine ladder in 'cliff village' in Sichuan". China People's Daily. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
- ^ "凉山州公安局机构职能简介". Liangshan Prefecture Public Security Bureau. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ "凉山公安公开缉捕30名在逃人员，已归案19人!". sichuan.scol.com.cn. Liangshan Prefecture Public Security Bureau. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ a b Jiang, Long (2025-08-14). Peng, Jiang; Li, Binbin (eds.). "凉山公安2023年"十佳人民警察""十佳辅警""十佳警属"揭晓，重启多名英烈警号". Sina. Hongxing News. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ a b "柘元俊". Ministry of Public Security Honor Roll. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ Wu, Guangyu (2025-08-14). Zhao, Yang (ed.). "大凉山的"脱毒"之路". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ 2025 Liangshan Prefecture Fire and Rescue Brigade budget, retrieved 13/3/2025
- ^ a b "应急管理部发布国家综合性消防救援队伍改革过渡期身份标识牌". Chinese government. 2025-08-14.
- ^ a b c "四川省森林消防总队凉山彝族自治州支队西昌市大队". Ministry of Emergency Management. 2025-08-14.
- ^ "凉山森林火灾牺牲的27名消防官兵和3名地方干群申评烈士". China News. 2025-08-14.
- ^ a b "武警凉山支队连续奋战清理火场860余亩". www.legaldaily.com.cn. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ a b c Li, Jieyi. "实战砺尖兵！武警凉山支队开展实战化练兵提升技战术水平" [People's Armed Police Liangshan detachment conducts exercise]. Chinese Military. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ a b c d e Yuan, Dongshan (2025-08-14). "武警凉山支队布哈荣膺中国武警十大忠诚卫士称号_四川在线". sichuan.scol.com.cn. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ "四川凉山武警搜救泥石流被困人员救出4人(图)" [People's Armed Police Liangshan Detachment rescue 4 people from rockslide.]. gongyi.people.com.cn. People's Liberation Army Daily. 2025-08-14. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ "四川冕宁：武警官兵全力协助开展救援工作" [People's Armed Police assist in disaster relief in Mianning, Sichuan]. Chinese government. 2025-08-14. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ Chi, An (21 November 2016). ""Ladders of heaven" gives new path to cliff village in China's Sichuan". Xinhua. Beijing News. Archived from the original on 22 November 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
- ^ "Steel replaces vine ladders in China's "Cliff Village"". Sina News. 21 November 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
- ^ Wang, Serenetie; Hunt, Katie (26 October 2016). "China: Cliff-top village builds steel ladder for children to go to school". CNN News. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
- ^ a b c "国务院关于核定并公布第六批全国重点文物保护单位的通知" [State council announces 6th batch of National Priority protected sites]. Chinese government. 2025-08-14. Archived from the original on 2025-08-14. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ "探秘四川德昌大石墓："邛人"捡骨葬至今仍存疑". www.sunyat-sen.org. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ "探秘四川大石墓：至今仍有未解之谜-中国新闻网". www.chinanews.com.cn. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ "国务院核定公布第七批全国重点文物保护单位". www.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2025-08-14. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ 全国重点文物保护单位 - 茶马古道 - 甘洛清溪古道 [National priority protected site - Tea Horse Road - Ganluo Qingxi Gorge ancient road]. 2025-08-14.
- ^ 全国重点文物保护单位 - 茶马古道 - 茶马古道丁山桥及零关题记 [National priority protected site - Tea Horse Road - Dingshan Bridge and Lingguan Inscriptions in Yuexi]. 2025-08-14.
- ^ 全国重点文物保护单位 - 茶马古道 - 登相营古驿站 [National priority protected site - Tea Horse Road - Dengxiangying Ancient Post]. 2025-08-14.
- ^ 全国重点文物保护单位 - 茶马古道 - 冕宁雅砻江古道南河段 [National priority protected site - Tea Horse Road - Mianing trail south river part]. 2025-08-14.
- ^ "松坪关古韵长（行天下）". paper.people.com.cn. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
External links
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